Pacific swallow


The Pacific swallow is a small passerine bird in the swallow family Hirundinidae. It breeds in tropical southern Asia and the islands of the south Pacific. It is resident apart from some local seasonal movements. This bird is associated with coasts, but is increasingly spreading to forested uplands. It was formerly treated as conspecific with hill swallow, the welcome swallow and the Tahiti swallow.

Taxonomy

The Pacific swallow was formally described and illustrated in 1789 by the Swedish naturalist Anders Sparrman based on a specimen collected on the Indonesian island of Java. He coined the binomial name Hirundo javanica. The Pacific swallow was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Tahiti swallow. The species were split based on the differences in morphology.
Six subspecies are recognised:H. j. javanica Sparrman, 1789 – south Myanmar and Andaman Islands to south Vietnam, east to Philippines and south to Moluccas and Greater and Lesser Sunda IslandsH. j. namiyeiRyukyu Islands and TaiwanH. j. frontalis Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 – north, west New Guinea including Raja Ampat Islands, Aru Islands, Geelvink Bay islands and islands off north coastH. j. albescens Schodde & Mason, IJ, 1999 – south, east New Guinea and satellitesH. j. ambiens Mayr, 1934 – New Britain and satellites H. j. subfusca Gould, 1856 – Admiralty Islands, New Ireland and satellites to Solomon Islands, Ouvea, and Vanuatu to Fiji and Tonga
Additionally, subfossil remains have been found from an undescribed extinct subspecies that was endemic to Henderson Island.

Description

This species is a small swallow at in length. It has a blue-black back and crown with browner wings and tail, a red face and throat, and dusky underparts. It differs from the barn swallow and the closely related welcome swallow in its shorter and less forked tail.

Behaviour

The Pacific swallow builds a neat cup-shaped nest, constructed with mud pellets collected in the beak, under a cliff ledge or on man-made structures such as a building, bridge or tunnel. The nest is lined with softer material, and the clutch is two to three eggs. It is similar in behaviour to other aerial insectivores, such as other swallows and the unrelated swifts. It is a fast flyer and feeds on insects, especially flies, while airborne.