Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor, also known as parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTH1R gene. PTH1R functions as a receptor for parathyroid hormone and for parathyroid hormone-related protein, also called parathyroid hormone-like hormone.

Function

This "classical" PTH receptor is expressed in high levels in bone and kidney and regulates calcium ion homeostasis through activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. In bone, it is expressed on the surface of osteoblasts. When the receptor is activated through PTH binding, osteoblasts express RANKL, which binds to RANK on osteoclasts. This turns on osteoclasts to ultimately increase the resorption rate.

Mechanism

It is a member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G_s protein, which activates adenylyl cyclase. Besides this, they also activate the phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

Pathology

Defects in this receptor are known to be the cause of Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and chondrodysplasia Blomstrand type as well as enchondromatosis and primary failure of tooth eruption.

Interactions

Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor has been shown to interact with Sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory cofactor 2 and Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1.