Opposition parties in the Scottish Parliament
Unlike in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, where there is a recognised "Official Opposition" to the government of the day, all parties in the Scottish Parliament that are not in government are technically on the same footing as "opposition parties". With the Scottish National Party currently in government, the Scottish Conservatives and Scottish Labour each form a shadow cabinet composed of Members of the Scottish Parliament and prospective parliamentary candidates. The Scottish Liberal Democrats do not.
Shadow cabinet ministers have a responsibility to shadow an individual government minister or a specific area of government. Other parties have frontbench teams with spokespersons covering multiple areas of government or which are composed of spokespersons from both within and outside the Scottish Parliament.
Conservative shadow cabinets
Previous shadow cabinets
| Portfolio | Officeholder | Term |
| Leader | Ruth Davidson | 2016–2020 |
| Deputy Leader | Jackson Carlaw | 2016–2020 |
| Europe and External Affairs | Jackson Carlaw | 2016–2020 |
| Culture and Tourism | Jackson Carlaw | 2016–2017 |
| Culture and Tourism | Rachael Hamilton | 2017–2020 |
| Finance | Murdo Fraser | 2016–2020 |
| Economy, Jobs and Fair Work | Dean Lockhart | 2016–2020 |
| Health and Sport | Donald Cameron | 2016–2017 |
| Health and Sport | Miles Briggs | 2017–2020 |
| Education and Skills | Liz Smith | 2016–2020 |
| Constitution | Adam Tomkins | 2016–2020 |
| Social Security | Adam Tomkins | 2016–2018 |
| Social Security | Michelle Ballantyne | 2018–2020 |
| Justice | Douglas Ross | 2016–2017 |
| Justice | Liam Kerr | 2017–2020 |
| Rural Economy and Connectivity | Peter Chapman | 2016–2020 |
| Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform | Maurice Golden | 2016–2017 |
| Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform | Donald Cameron | 2017–2020 |
| Chief Whip | John Lamont | 2016–2017 |
| Chief Whip | Maurice Golden | 2017–2020 |
| Portfolio | Officeholder | Term |
| Leader | Douglas Ross | 2020–present |
| Leader in the Scottish Parliament | Ruth Davidson | 2020–2021 |
| Education and Skills | Jamie Greene | 2020–present |
| Justice | Liam Kerr | 2020–present |
| Health and Sport | Donald Cameron | 2020–present |
| Finance | Murdo Fraser | 2020–present |
| Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform | Liz Smith | 2020–present |
| Rural Economy and Tourism | Jamie Halcro Johnston | 2020–present |
| Constitution, Europe and External Affairs | Dean Lockhart | 2020–present |
| Communities and Local Government | Annie Wells | 2020–present |
| Economy, Fair Work and Culture | Maurice Golden | 2020–present |
| Transport, Infrastructure and Connectivity | Graham Simpson | 2020–present |
| Social Security and Older People | Rachael Hamilton | 2020–present |
| Chief Whip | Miles Briggs | 2020–present |
Labour shadow cabinets
Previous shadow cabinets
| Portfolio | Officeholder | Term |
| Leader | Kezia Dugdale | 2015–2016 |
| Deputy Leader | Alex Rowley | 2015–2016 |
| Equality | Jenny Marra | 2015–2016 |
| Opportunity | Iain Gray | 2015–2016 |
| Justice | Graeme Pearson | 2015–2016 |
| Public Services and Wealth Creation | Jackie Baillie | 2015–2016 |
| Community | Ken Macintosh | 2015–2016 |
| Environmental Justice | Sarah Boyack | 2015–2016 |
| Democracy | Claire Baker | 2015–2016 |
| Reform | Mary Fee | 2015–2016 |
| Parliamentary Business Manager | James Kelly | 2015–2016 |
| Chief Whip | Neil Bibby | 2015–2016 |
| Portfolio | Officeholder | Term |
| Leader | Richard Leonard | 2017–2021 |
| Deputy Leader | Lesley Laird | 2017–2019 |
| Deputy Leader | Jackie Baillie | 2020–2021 |
| Economy, Jobs and Fair Work | Jackie Baillie | 2017–2018 |
| Economy, Jobs and Fair Work | Richard Leonard | 2018–2021 |
| Finance | James Kelly | 2017–2019 |
| Finance | Rhoda Grant | 2019–2020 |
| Finance | Jackie Baillie | 2020–2021 |
| Justice | Daniel Johnson | 2017–2019 |
| Justice | James Kelly | 2019–2020 |
| Justice | Rhoda Grant | 2020–2021 |
| Constitution | Neil Findlay | 2017–2019 |
| Constitution | Alex Rowley | 2019–2020 |
| Constitution | Anas Sarwar | 2020–2021 |
| Education, Skills and Science | Iain Gray | 2017–2021 |
| Health and Sport | Anas Sarwar | 2017–2018 |
| Health and Sport | Monica Lennon | 2018–2021 |
| Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform | Claudia Beamish | 2017–2021 |
| Poverty | Elaine Smith | 2017–2019 |
| Poverty | David Stewart | 2019–2020 |
| Poverty | Rhoda Grant | 2020 |
| Poverty | Elaine Smith | 2020–2021 |
| Culture, Tourism and External Affairs | Claire Baker | 2017–2021 |
| Transport, Infrastructure and Connectivity | Colin Smyth | 2017–2021 |
| Communities and Equalities | Monica Lennon | 2017–2018 |
| Communities and Equalities | Alex Rowley | 2018–2019 |
| Communities and Equalities | Pauline McNeill | 2019–2021 |
| Local Government | Sarah Boyack | 2019–2021 |
| Campaigns and Party Engagement | Neil Findlay | 2017–2019 |
| Campaigns and Party Engagement | Joe Cullinane | 2019–2021 |
| Deputy Economy | Alex Rowley | 2020–2021 |
| Parliamentary Business Manager | Rhoda Grant | 2017–2018 |
| Parliamentary Business Manager | Neil Findlay | 2018–2019 |
| Parliamentary Business Manager | Elaine Smith | 2019–2021 |