OMF International


OMF International is an international and interdenominational Evangelical Christian missionary society with an international centre in Singapore. It was founded in Britain by Hudson Taylor on 25 June 1865.

Overview

The non-sectarian China Inland Mission was founded on principles of faith and prayer founded by James Hudson Taylor in 1865. From the beginning it recruited missionaries from the working class as well as single women. The original goal of the mission that began dedicated to China has grown to include bringing the Gospel to East Asia. Following the departure of all foreign workers in the early 1950s, the China Inland Mission redirected its missionaries to other parts of East Asia. The name was changed to the Overseas Missionary Fellowship in 1964, and then to the current name in the 1990s.

History

Missiological Distinctives of the CIM

Origins

made the first decision to found the China Inland Mission at Brighton, England during his first furlough from China. Like his missionary forebear Karl Gützlaff and contemporary William Chalmers Burns, Taylor was convinced that Chinese clothing should be worn when engaged in missionary work in inland China. On 3 October 1865, Taylor sent John and Anne Stevenson and George Stott to China, where they arrived on February 6, 1866. Including the five missionaries previously sent to Ningbo -James Joseph Meadows, Jean Notman, Stephen Paul Barchet, and George and Anne Crombie, these eight were already in China when Taylor returned in 1866. On 26 May of that year, Taylor accompanied the largest group of missionaries that had ever sailed to China on the Lammermuir. There were 16 missionaries as well as Hudson, his wife, Maria and their 4 children that became known as the Lammermuir Party. This journey took 4 months.

Inland pioneering

In 1872, the China Inland Mission's London council was formed. In 1875, it began to evangelise China systematically. Taylor requested 18 missionaries from God for the nine provinces which were still unreached. In 1881, he requested a further 70 missionaries, and, in 1886, 100 missionaries. In 1887 "The Hundred missionaries" were sent to China. Taylor travelled across several continents to recruit for the China Inland Mission. By the end of the nineteenth century, the CIM was well known around the world. Richard Lovett wrote about the practices of the missionaries in 1899. He noted that they were humble and not from the upper classes and they were having good success because they were willing to "rough it". That year Henrietta Soltau set up a training home for women missionaries in North London. She was secretary of the ladies' council of the CIM and hundreds were trained there.

Boxer Crisis of 1900

In 1900, attacks took place across China in connection with the Boxer Rebellion which targeted Christians and foreigners. The China Inland Mission lost more members than any other agency: 58 adults and 21 children were killed. However, in 1901, when the allied nations were demanding compensation from the Chinese government, Hudson Taylor refused to accept payment for loss of property or life in order to demonstrate the meekness of Christ to the Chinese. In the same year, Dixon Edward Hoste was appointed to the directorship of the mission.

Growth amid war and revolution

The early 1900s saw great expansion of missionary activity in China following the Boxer Rebellion, during the Revolution of 1912 and the establishment of the Chinese Republic. William Whiting Borden, wealthy heir of the Borden, Inc. family, who graduated from Yale University in 1909, left behind a comfortable life in America to respond to the call for workers with the Muslims of northwest China. He died in Egypt while still in training.
A musician and an engineer named James O. Fraser was the first to bring the Gospel message to the Lisu tribes of Yunnan in southwest China. This resulted in phenomenal church growth among the various tribes in the area that has endured to the 21st century.
The Warlord period brought widespread lawlessness to China and missionary work was often dangerous or deadly. John and Betty Stam were a young couple who were murdered in 1934 by Communist soldiers. Their biography, "The Triumph of John and Betty Stam", inspired a generation of missionaries to follow in the same steps of service despite the trials of war and persecution that raged in China in the 1930s and 1940s.
The Japanese invasion further complicated efforts as the Japanese distrusted anyone with British or American nationalities. When the Japanese invaded China in Second Sino-Japanese War, the China Inland Mission moved its headquarters upstream the Yangzi River to Chongqing. Many missionaries were put into concentration camps, such as Weifang, which lasted until the end of the war. The entire Chefoo School run by the mission at Yantai was imprisoned at a concentration camp. As the children and teachers were marched off they sang:
Despite the hardships, the number of Christians in China increased from 100,000 in early 1900s to 700,000 by 1950. The Chinese church was beginning to develop into an indigenous movement, with the assistance from key leaders such as John Sung, Wang Ming-Dao, Watchman Nee and Andrew Gih.

From CIM to OMF

Phyllis Thompson wrote that between 1949 and 1952 in the immediate aftermath of the Chinese Communist Revolution, there was a "reluctant exodus" of all of the members of the China Inland Mission. The leaders met at Bournemouth, England to discuss the situation and the decision was made to redeploy all of the missionaries into the rest of East Asia. Headquarters were moved to Singapore, and work commenced in Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Indonesia. In addition to reducing some languages to written form, the Bible was translated, and basic theological education was given to neglected tribal groups. The publication and distribution of Christian literature were prioritized among both the rural tribes people and the urban working classes and students. The goal remained for every community to have a church in East Asia and thereby the Gospel would be preached "to every creature". The proclamation of the Christian message also included medical work. Three hospitals were opened in rural Thailand as well as a leprosy control programme. Many of the patients were refugees. In the Philippines, community development programs were launched. Alcoholic rehabilitation began in Japan, and rehabilitation work among prostitutes was begun in Taipei and Bangkok.
In 1980, Hudson Taylor's great grandson James Hudson Taylor III was appointed General Director for the mission work. According to Taylor in 1989,
Dr. Patrick Fung, a Chinese Christian appointed in 2006, is the first Asian to lead the mission. The work continues to the present day.

The old London headquarters building

The original headquarter was located at Newington Green in North London. By the late 19th century, when the CIM building was commissioned, what was once a rural village had long been subsumed into the metropolis. Newington Green had grown up around a core of English Dissenters and their famous academies. The CIM headquarters sits between two other listed buildings on the green, Newington Green Unitarian Church, and the oldest brick terrace in London, 52-55 the Green, where the notable minister Richard Price lived.
The building was refurbished by Haworth Tompkins. Now known as Alliance House, it is run by Sanctuary Students as accommodation for City University.

Chronology

1860s

  • China Inland Mission founded, 25 June 1865 in Brighton Beach, Sussex, England
  • "China's Spiritual Need and Claims" by Hudson Taylor published, October 1865 in London
  • The Occasional Paper of the China Inland Mission, January 1866 is first published, in London
  • Lammermuir Party Sailed to China May 1866
  • Lammermuir party arrived, December 1866 in 1 Xin Kai Long, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • 1866 Zhejiang - Hangzhou:.
  • 1866 Zhejiang - Fenghua: George Crombie opened mission station.
  • 1866 Zhejiang - Shaoxing: John Stevenson & his wife Ann opened mission station.
  • 1867 Zhejiang - Xiaoshan: Lewis & Eliza Nicol, James Williamson opened mission station.
  • 1867 Zhejiang: John Sell dies of smallpox
  • 1867 Zhejiang - Hangzhou: Grace Dyer Taylor, eldest daughter of Hudson and Maria, dies of meningitis
  • 1867 Zhejiang - Taizhou: James Joseph Meadows, Josiah Jackson opened mission station.
  • 1867 Jiangsu - Nanjing: George Duncan opened mission station.
  • 1867 Lewis & Eliza Nicol dismissed due to conflict with Hudson Taylor
  • 1868 Jiangsu - Yangzhou: Hudson Taylor opened mission station.
  • 22 August 1868: Yangzhou riot
  • 1868 Jiangsu - Huzhou: John McCarthy opened mission station.
  • 1869 Anhui - Anqing: James Meadows, James Williamson opened mission station.
  • 1869 Jiangxi - Jiujiang: John Edwin Cardwell and wife opened mission station.

    1870s

  • Maria Jane Dyer "Mother of the Mission" died 23 July 1870 in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
  • 1871-1875 Jiangxi - Dagutang: J. E. Cardwell and wife opened mission station.
  • 1874 Hubei - Wuchang: Hudson Taylor & Charles Judd opened mission station.
  • An appeal for eighteen workers is published January 1875 in London
  • China's Millions Vol. 1, No. 1, published July 1875 in London
  • 1875 Henan: Henry Taylor is the first Protestant Christian to work in one of the 9 provinces of China so far considered unaware of the Gospel message.
  • 1875 Hunan: Charles Henry Judd and Adam C. Dorward are the first Protestant Christian missionaries there and later the two travelled 1,500 miles across China from 1880-1882.
  • 1876 Shanxi: Francis James and Joshua J. Turner are the first Protestant Christian missionaries there and begin to help out victims of the disaster and famine.
  • 1876 Shaanxi: Frederick W. Baller, George King are the first Protestant Christian missionaries to work there.
  • 1876 Gansu: George F. Easton and George Parker are the first Protestant Christian missionaries to work there.
  • 1876 Sichuan: James Cameron is the first itinerant Protestant Christian missionary to work there. George Nicoll settles there after itineration.
  • 1877 Guizhou: Charles Henry Judd and James F. Broumton are the first Protestant Christian missionaries there. Broumton later pioneered work among the Miao and Yi people minority groups.
  • 1877 Guangxi: Edward Fishe is the first Protestant Christian missionary there. He died the same year.
  • 1877 Yunnan: John McCarthy traveled on foot from Zhenjiang to Hankou, via Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan to Bhamo in Myanmar; the trip lasted 7 months with preaching along the way. He was the first European to cross China by foot from east to west as well as the first Protestant Christian missionary to enter Yunnan Province.
  • 1877 Tibet: James Cameron walked from Chongqing to Batang, the first to bring the Gospel to the Tibetan people. He then went on to Dali and Bhamo, then via Guangdong back to Chongqing, a journey covering 17 out of the then 18 Chinese provinces.
  • 1878 Shaanxi: Jennie Taylor is the first female Christian missionary to travel in inland China, distributing relief for those affected by the Great North China Famine of 1877-78.
  • 1879 Shaanxi: George and Emily Snow King are the first married missionary couple to settle in Hanzhong.
  • 1879 Sichuan: M. A. Howland Nicoll is the first female Christian missionary to live in Chongqing.