Poldark

Poldark is a series of historical novels by Winston Graham, initially published from 1945 to 1953 and continuing from 1973 to 2002. The first novel, Ross Poldark, was named for the protagonist of the series. The novel series was adapted for television by the BBC in 1975 and again in 2015.

Historical setting

The series comprises 12 novels: the first seven are set in the 18th century, concluding in Christmas 1799; the remaining five are concerned with the early years of the 19th century and the lives of the descendants of the previous novels' main characters. Graham wrote the first four Poldark books during the 1940s and 1950s. Following a long hiatus, he decided to resume the series and published The Black Moon in 1973.

Novels

Each of the novels is subtitled A Novel of Cornwall. In a preface to The Black Moon, Graham explained his decision to revive the series after a two-decade hiatus.

Sequence	Title	Years included	First published	Pages
1	Ross Poldark	1783–1787	1945	480
2	Demelza	1788–1790	1946	544
3	Jeremy Poldark	1790–1791	1950	305
4	Warleggan	1792–1793	1953	482
5	The Black Moon	1794–1795	1973	564
6	The Four Swans	1795–1797	1976	595
7	The Angry Tide	1798–1799	1977	641
8	The Stranger from the Sea	1810–1811	1981	538
9	The Miller's Dance	1812–1813	1982	499
10	The Loving Cup	1813–1815	1984	602
11	The Twisted Sword	1815	1990	673
12	Bella Poldark	1818–1820	2002	704

Main characters

Ross Poldark

Ross Poldark is the eponymous protagonist of the series. He is a British Army officer who returns to his home in Cornwall from the American War of Independence only to find that Elizabeth Chynoweth, having told him she believed him dead, is about to marry his cousin Francis Poldark. Ross attempts to restore his own fortunes by reopening one of the family's derelict copper mines.
Gradually reconciled to the loss of Elizabeth's love, four years later Ross marries Demelza Carne, an urchin he has taken in as a servant. Although he did not marry her for love he falls in love with her six weeks afterwards. Despite this it is for some time that Ross has unresolved feelings for Elizabeth. A night with Elizabeth after she has become a widow causes Ross to eventually declare that Demelza was not second best and his real love is for her and not Elizabeth.
Over 20 years, Ross and Demelza have five children: Julia, Jeremy, Clowance, Isabella-Rose, and Henry.

Demelza Poldark, née Carne

Taken home from Redruth Fair by Ross, miner's daughter Demelza and her dog Garrick have an unpromising start. However, she soon develops into a charming, amusing, lovely young woman, eventually winning Ross's affection. Dark and earthy, she is the total opposite of the fragile Elizabeth. The two women are wary but polite towards each other. Demelza shows courage and fierce loyalty to Ross but is somewhat impulsive, causing trouble for both of them. She has six brothers.

Dr. Dwight Enys

A young physician who arrives in Cornwall after medical training in London. He becomes very close friends with Ross and Demelza, a friendship which proves strong and enduring. He is conscientious and generous, often not charging his poorest patients for his services. He becomes involved with a young miner's wife with tragic results. After his rescue from a French prison camp in late 1794, he eventually marries a young heiress, Caroline Penvenen, and they become parents to a frail daughter named Sarah Caroline who dies in 1798. In the eleven-year time gap, they have two more daughters named Sophie and Meliora.

Caroline Enys, née Penvenen

Caroline is an orphan, taken in and brought up by her rich uncle, Ray. Strong-willed and independent, she begins a romance with Dwight Enys against her uncle's wishes, culminating in a disastrous plan to elope. They eventually marry after Dwight's rescue from a prison camp in France. Caroline and Dwight's first daughter, Sarah, has a congenital heart defect and dies in infancy. Two more daughters, Sophie and Meliora, follow.

Elizabeth Poldark (née Chynoweth) now Warleggan

She was Ross Poldark's very first love and he hers. Whilst they were both teenagers she agreed to wait for him to return from the war in America so that they would marry. Whilst away Elizabeth began a courtship with Ross's cousin Francis. Believing herself to be in love with Francis and alongside unconfirmed rumours of Ross's death at war, she accepted Francis's proposal of marriage. Ross is disappointed to return to Cornwall on the night of her engagement party. The marriage to Francis became a failure. After 10 years of marriage Francis dies and Elizabeth struggles with poverty and loneliness. She eventually accepts Ross's worst enemy, a very rich man, George Warleggan as her husband. She has two sons: one with Francis, and the other supposedly with George. She later has a daughter with George called Ursula, but Elizabeth dies days after giving birth to her.
Between Elizabeth's betrothal to George and the wedding, Ross in anger pays her a visit and has sex with her. The incident is controversial as she maintained it was against her wishes whilst he takes the view it was no so much against her wishes after the initial shock. It was established in The Angry Tide that Valentine was Ross's son although Elizabeth always led George to believe Valentine was his. Valentine's paternity proves to be a source of tension in her 6-year marriage to George.
"Though Elizabeth had been constitutionally strong enough, perhaps some exhaustion in the ancient Chynoweth strain was to be the cause of this virtual obliteration of her personal appearance in any of her children, and the dominance of the three fathers. Geoffrey Charles was already like Francis. Valentine would grow ever more like the man who had just left the house. And little Ursula would become sturdy and strong and thick-necked and as determined as a blacksmith."
Graham, Winston. The Angry Tide: A Novel of Cornwall 1798–1799 . Pan Macmillan. Kindle Edition.

George Warleggan

Ross's arch-enemy is of a new class of industrialists and bankers. Although regarded as an upstart by the aristocracy, through ruthlessness and cunning he becomes increasingly powerful. Always impeccably dressed and elegantly behaved, he constantly schemes to increase his own wealth at the expense of others, including the Poldarks. He becomes enamoured of Elizabeth, eventually marrying her after she is widowed, and they have two children, Valentine and Ursula. He also becomes a member of Parliament. Eventually, several years after Elizabeth's death, he remarries a wealthy woman named Harriet, and they have twin daughters.

Francis Poldark

Ross's cousin Francis has a tendency to be flippant but his feelings are strong and he can be very obstinate. The two cousins were friends as boys but their relationship is tested severely when Francis marries Elizabeth, with lasting repercussions for them all. He has one son with Elizabeth - Geoffrey Charles Poldark, and later dies in a tragic accident in his mine.

Verity Blamey, née Poldark

Francis's sister and Ross's cousin Verity is described as plain, with fluffy hair and a mobile mouth. She has been a dutiful, unmarried daughter who looks after the affairs of her father, Charles Poldark, and his estate. She meets and falls in love with Andrew Blamey, a sea captain. Unfortunately he has a terrible secret that is soon revealed, and she seems to lose her chance of happiness. Eventually Andrew and Verity marry, and she becomes friends with his first children - Esther and James. Andrew and Verity later have one child - a son named Andrew.

The Reverend Osborne Whitworth

Osborne Whitworth appears briefly in the first Poldark series of novels, but comes to feature prominently in the second series when he marries Morwenna Chynoweth, Elizabeth's cousin, who is in love with Drake Carne, Demelza's brother. Whitworth's main preoccupations are money and women. He is loud and arrogant, delivering sermons which intimidate his parishioners more than inspire them. He also sexually abuses his wife; when he is no longer able to force himself upon her during her pregnancy, he begins an affair with her fifteen-year-old sister, Rowella, which proves to be his undoing. He has a son, named John Conan, and two daughters with his first wife.

Drake Carne

The brother of Demelza Poldark and Sam Carne, he comes to stay with Ross and Demelza after his father's death and encounters Geoffrey Charles Poldark and his governess Morwenna Chynoweth. He forms a close friendship with Geoffrey Charles and falls in love with Morwenna yet she is forced by George Warleggan to marry Osborne Whitworth. He becomes a blacksmith and later when Osborne Whitworth dies he does marry Morwenna and they have a child named Loveday, when Geoffrey Charles returns to Cornwall from Spain they continue their friendship with him.

Jeremy Poldark

Jeremy Poldark is the second child of Ross and Demelza Poldark, he features heavily in the later books, having interests in his fathers's mines and in early forms of cars. He falls in love with a local noblewoman, Cuby Trevanion, who continuously rejects him as she is expected to marry into a richer family, but eventually she realises she loves him and they run away together. Jeremy and Cuby then go to France where he fights in the army and then dies at Waterloo, leaving Cuby devastated and a pregnant widow.