Myoporum


Myoporum is a genus of flowering plants in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. There are 30 species in the genus, eighteen of which are endemic to Australia although others are endemic to Pacific Islands, including New Zealand, and one is endemic to two Indian Ocean islands. They are shrubs or small trees with leaves that are arranged alternately and have white, occasionally pink flowers and a fruit that is a drupe.

Description

Plants in this genus are shrubs or small trees, mostly glabrous with simple leaves that are arranged alternately and often lack a petiole. The flowers are adapted for pollination by insects and have white, petals and usually 4 stamens. The fruit is a drupe with its central seed surrounded by a hard endocarp and usually succulent mesocarp.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Myoporum was first formally described in 1786 by Georg Forster, from an unpublished description by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander. The name Myoporum is derived from the Ancient Greek myo meaning "to close" or "to be shut" and poros meaning "pore", referring to the ability of plants in this genus to exist in dry areas, or possibly to the appearance of the glands on the leaves.
Recent molecular work into the Mypoporeae family seems to indicate that the genus Myoporum is nested within Eremophila, and is thus paraphyletic.

Distribution

There are 30 species in the genus, which is spread from Mauritius, across Australia to the Pacific Islands. Eighteen species are endemic to Australia.

Ecology

Myoporum insulare is invasive in several African countries and in the western coastal areas of the United States. In South Africa this species is known as manatoka. Some species, including M. insulare and M. laetum are known to be poisonous to stock.

Use in horticulture

, M. floribundum and M. bateae are often cultivated as ornamentals, hedges or windbreaks. M. insulare, M. montanum, M. acuminatum and sometimes M. parvifolium are often used as rootstock for Eremophila species, especially those that are difficult to grow from cuttings or that are to be grown in heavier soils.

Species list

The following is a list of the species of Myoporum accepted by the Australian Plant Census for Australian species and Plants of the World Online for others:
  • Myoporum acuminatum R.Br. – pointed boobialla
  • Myoporum bateae F.Muell.
  • Myoporum betcheanum L.S.Sm. – mountain boobialla
  • Myoporum boninense Koidz.
  • Myoporum bontioides A.Gray
  • Myoporum brevipes Benth. – pale myoporum
  • Myoporum caprarioides Benth. – slender myoporum
  • Myoporum cordifolium Druce – Jerramungup myoporum
  • Myoporum crassifolium G.Forst.
  • Myoporum cuneifolium Kraenzl.
  • Myoporum floribundum A.Cunn. ex Benth. – weeping boobialla
  • Myoporum insulare R.Br. – boobialla, blueberry tree
  • Myoporum laetum G.Forst. – ngaio
  • Myoporum mauritianum A.DC.
  • Myoporum montanum R.Br. – native myrtle
  • Myoporum niueanum H.St.John
  • Myoporum obscurum Endl. – bastard ironwood, popwood
  • Myoporum oppositifolium R.Br. – twin-leaf myoporum
  • Myoporum papuanum Kraenzl.
  • Myoporum parvifolium R.Br. – creeping boobialla
  • Myoporum petiolatum R.J.Chinnock – sticky boobialla
  • Myoporum platycarpum R.Br. – sugarwood
  • Myoporum rapense F.Br.
  • Myoporum rimatarense F.Br.
  • Myoporum rotundatum S.Moore
  • Myoporum sandwicense A.Gray – naio
  • Myoporum semotum Heenan & de Lange
  • Myoporum stellatum O.Deg. & I.Deg.
  • Myoporum stokesii F.Br.
  • Myoporum tenuifolium G.Forst.
  • Myoporum tetrandrum Domin boobialla
  • Myoporum tubiflorum Kraenzl.
  • Myoporum turbinatum R.J.Chinnock – salt myoporum
  • Myoporum velutinum R.J.Chinnock
  • Myoporum viscosum R.Br. – sticky boobialla
  • Myoporum wilderi Skottsb.

    Formerly placed here

  • Eremophila debilis Chinnock
  • Eremophila deserti Chinnock