Mygdonia
Mygdonia was an ancient territory, part of ancient Thrace, later conquered by Macedon, which comprised the plains around Therma together with the valleys of Klisali and Besikia, including the area of the Axios river mouth and extending as far east as Lake Bolbe. To the north it was joined by Crestonia. The Echeidorus, which flowed into the Thermaic Gulf near the marshes of the Axios, had its sources in Crestonia. The pass of Aulon or Arethusa was probably the boundary of Mygdonia towards Bisaltia. The maritime part of Mygdonia formed a district called Amphaxitis, a distinction which first occurs in Polybius, who divides all the great plain at the head of the Thermaic gulf into Amphaxitis and Bottiaea, and which is found three centuries later in Ptolemy. The latter introduces Amphaxitis twice under the subdivisions of Macedonia. In another place Ptolemy includes Stageira and Arethusa in Amphaxitis, which, if correct, would indicate that a portion of Amphaxitis, very distant from the Axios, was separated from the remainder by a part of Mygdonia; but since this is improbable, the word is perhaps an error of the text.
History and etymology
The area has been inhabited since the Mesolithic era. Early inhabitants probably were the Pelasgians, followed by the Mygdones, who gave their name to the region. The Mygdones may have been a Brigian or Thracian tribe. Paeonians and also Thracians ruled and inhabited the region for a time, until it was annexed to Macedon.Mygdonia and the Mygdones were named after Mygdon, a mythological figure considered to be a son of Ares and Callirrhoe, according to Stephanus of Byzantium. His brothers, Edonus, Odomantus and Biston, had other regions and their peoples named after them as well, and so did his sons, Crusis and Grastus.