List of motets by Anton Bruckner
Anton Bruckner composed about 40 motets during his life, the earliest, a setting of Pange lingua, in, the last, Vexilla regis in 1892.
Youth works
Before 1841 only a single work, a motet, has indubitably been composed by Bruckner.- [Pange lingua, Werkverzeichnis Anton Bruckner|WAB 31|Pange lingua] in C major :
- *First version : a setting of 28 bars of the Pange lingua for choir a cappella, which Bruckner composed in 1835/1836 when, as eleven-year-old boy, he was studying by Johann Baptist Weiß in Hörsching.
- *Second version: towards the end of his life Bruckner "restored" this beloved very first composition.
Windhaag and Kronstorf
During his stay as schoolteacher's assistant in Windhaag and Kronstorf, Bruckner composed the three early masses Windhaager Messe, Kronstorfer Messe, and Messe für den Gründonnerstag. During his stay in Kronstorf he composed also his first name-day cantata Vergißmeinnicht and a few motets:- [Libera me, WAB 21|Libera Me|Libera me] : a first setting in F major of the Libera me for choir and organ, which Bruckner composed in.
- Litanei : this litany, a lost work for mixed choir and brass instruments, was presumably composed around 1844.
- Salve Maria : this Marian hymn, possibly a Salve Regina, another lost work, was presumably also composed around 1844.
- Asperges me : this first setting of 32 bars in F major of the Asperges me for choir a cappella was composed in 1843 or 1844.
- Two Asperges me : these two settings of the Asperges me for choir and organ were composed in 1844 or 1845.
- *Asperges me : this work in Aeolian mode was composed for the Asperges of Septuagesima Sunday till the 4th Sunday of Lent
- *Asperges me : this work in F major was composed for the Asperges of Passion Sunday
- [Tantum ergo, WAB 32|Tantum Ergo|Tantum ergo] : this first setting of 36 bars in D major of the Tantum ergo for choir a cappella was composed during the fall 1845.
- Tantum ergo : this second setting of 36 bars in A major of the Tantum ergo for choir and organ was composed during the fall of 1845
- Dir, Herr, dir will ich mich ergeben : the date of composition of this chorale motet in A major for choir a cappella is uncertain: 1844-1845 or 1845-1846.
Sankt Florian
Between 23 September 1845 and 24 December 1855, during his stay as organist in Sankt Florian monastery, Bruckner composed the Magnificat, the Requiem, the Missa solemnis, Psalms [Psalm Psalm 22 (Bruckner)|22 (Bruckner)|22] and 114, and four name-day cantatas Entsagen, the Arneth Cantata, the Mayer Cantata, and the Festgesang, as well as the following motets:- O Du liebes Jesu-Kind : this motet of 16 bars in F major for soloist and organ, is of uncertain authorship. If actually by Bruckner, presumably composed in 1845/1846.
- Herz Jesu-Lied : this motet of 24 bars in B-flat major for choir and organ, is also of uncertain authorship. If actually by Bruckner, presumably composed in 1845/1846.
- Four Tantum ergo :
- *First version: these four Tantum ergo of 24 bars plus a 2- or 3-bar Amen: B-flat major, A-flat major, E-flat major and C major, for choir and organ ad libitum were composed in 1846.
- *Second version: in 1888 Bruckner made a slight revision of the four Tantum ergo, which he then scored for choir a cappella.
- Tantum ergo D-Dur
- *First version: this fifth Tantum ergo of 36 bars in D major for 5-voice choir and organ was composed on 9 June 1846.
- *Second version: in 1888 Bruckner made also a revision of it. The composition was shortened and a 3-bar Amen was added.
- In jener letzten der Nächte : a Passion chorale for Maundy Thursday of 22 bars in F minor, composed in. Two settings:
- *First setting: for soloist and organ,
- *Second setting: for choir a cappella.
- Two Totenlieder: these two elegies for choir a cappella were composed in 1852 for the funeral of Josef Seiberl
- *Totenlied : 10 bars, E-flat major
- *Totenlied : 19 bars, F major
- Libera me : this Libera me of 94 bars in F minor for 5-voice choir, organ, 3 trombones and figured bass was composed on 28 March 1854 as absoute for the funeral of prelate Michael Arneth
- Tantum ergo B-Dur : this eighth setting of 29 bars in B-flat major of the Tantum ergo for choir, 2 trumpets, 2 violins and organ was composed in.
Related works
- In addition Bruckner composed two Aequali in C minor for 3 trombones in January 1847 for the funeral of his aunt Rosalia Mayrhofer.
- For Arneth's funeral Bruckner composed also Vor Arneths Grab, a 28-bar elegy in F minor for men's choir and 3 trombones.
Linz
Between 24 December 1855 and 1 October 1868 Bruckner staid in Linz. During Sechter's tuition Bruckner finalised the Psalm 146, which he had drafted during his stay in Sankt Florian, and composed only a few small works, of which a single motet:- [Ave Maria, WAB 5|Hail Mary|Ave Maria] : a 52-bar work, the first of three Ave Maria in F major for choir, soprano and alto soloists, organ and cello was composed on 24 July 1856 as present to Ignaz Traumihler, the choirmaster of Sankt Florian.
- Ave Maria : a 51-bar work, the second of three Ave Maria in F major for 7-voice choir a cappella, which Bruckner composed in May 1861 to celebrate the end of Sechter's tuition.
- Afferentur regi : a 38-bar offertorium in F major for choir and 3 trombones ad libitum composed on 7 November 1861.
After the end of Kitzler's tuition Bruckner composed also a few motets:
- Pange lingua : a 38-bar Pange lingua and Tantum ergo in Phrygian mode composed on 31 January 1868.
- Inveni David : a 46-bar offertorium in F minor for men's choir and 4 trombones composed on 21 April 1868.
- Iam lucis orto sidere
- *First version: a 24-bar motet in E minor, which Bruckner composed in mid 1868. Two settings:
- **First setting: for choir a cappella,
- **Second setting: for choir and organ.
- *Second version: slightly revised in G minor for men's choir, 1886.
Related work
Am Grabe, WAB 2, a revised a cappella version of Vor Arneths Grab, has been composed around the end of Sechter's tuition to be performed on the funeral of Josephine Hafferl.Vienna
Between 1 October 1868 and 11 October 1896, during the "Vienna period" Bruckner devoted the most his time to his symphonies, with, between Symphonies No. [Symphony No. Symphony No. 5 (Bruckner)|5 (Bruckner)|5] and [Symphony No. Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)|6 (Bruckner)|6], the String Quintet in F major, between Symphonies No. 6 and 7, the Te Deum, and, between Symphonies No. 8 and 9, Psalm 150 and the secular cantata Helgoland. In between Bruckner composed also the following motets:- Locus iste : a 48-bar gradual in C major for choir a cappella composed on 11 August 1869 for the dedication of the votive chapel at the New Cathedral in Linz.
- Christus factus est : a 61-bar work, the second of three graduals Christus factus est in D minor for 8-voice choir, 3 trombones and string instruments ad libitum, composed in 1873. Note: The first Christus factus est is the gradual of the Messe für den Gründonnerstag.
- Tota pulchra es : an 80-bar antiphon in Phrygian mode for tenor soloist, choir and organ, composed on 30 March 1878.
- Os justi : a 71-bar gradual with final unison Alleluja in Lydian mode for choir a cappella composed on 18 July 1879. As requested by Ignaz Traumihler, Bruckner added to it on 28 July 1879 an unison Versus-Choral Inveni David with organ.
- Ave Maria : an 81-bar work, the third of three Ave Maria in F major for alto soloist and organ, which Bruckner composed 5 February 1882 for alto soloist Luisa Hochleitner.
- Christus factus est : a 79-bar work, the third of three graduals Christus factus est in D minor, composed on 25 May 1884.
- Salvum fac populum tuum : a 57-bar motet in F major, based on a few verses of the Te Deum, for choir a cappella composed on 14 November 1884.
- Veni Creator Spiritus : harmonisation of the Gregorian Veni Creator Spiritus for unison voices with organ, composed in.
- Ecce sacerdos magnus : a 106-bar responsorium in A minor for choir, 3 trombones and organ, composed on 28 April 1885 for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the diocese of Linz.
- Virga Jesse : a 91-bar gradual in E minor for choir a cappella composed on 3 September 1885.
- Ave Regina caelorum : harmonisation of the Gregorian Ave Regina caelorum for unison voices with organ, composed in.
- Vexilla regis : a 36-bar motet in Phrygian mode for choir a cappella composed for Good Friday on 9 February 1892.
Related works
- Franz Joseph Aumann's music was a large part of the repertoire at St. Florian in the 19th century. Bruckner, who liked Aumann's coloured harmony, added in 1879 an accompaniment by three trombones to his settings of Ecce quomodo moritur justus and Tenebrae factae sunt.
Discography
Some motets, as Locus iste and three other graduals, and the Ave Maria WAB 6, are very popular and are often put on LPs / CDs together with religious works of several composers, or as extras of a larger religious work. Frieder Bernius, Matthew Best, Uwe Gronostay, Simon Halsey, Philippe Herreweghe and Stephen Layton have recorded each 5 to 10 of the most popular motets, sometimes with the two Aequali.Other conductors have devoted LPs / CDs more specifically to Bruckner's motets, sometimes with the two Aequali, the early masses or other "forgotten" works, as the Missa solemnis, the Magnificat, the earlier Psalms 22, 114 and 112: Eugen Jochum, Hubert Günther, Hans Zanotelli, Johannes Fuchs, Martin Flämig, Robert Jones, Rupert Gottfried Frieberger, Jonathan Brown, Petr Fiala, Erwin Ortner, Thomas Kerbl, Duncan Ferguson, Philipp von Steinäcker and the Bruckner - Bicentennial Houston CD, with the Symphonisches Präludium, the premiere of an organ transcription of Helgoland, the Two Aequali and twelve motets – CD BSA-007.
There is as yet no commercial album with all the motets. A compilation in the chronological order of Band XXI of the Gesamtausgabe has been issued by Hans Roelofs: CD set DutchDragon HR 815-817.