MiR-214
miR-214 is a vertebrate-specific family of microRNA precursors. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.
Origin and evolution of miR-214
miR-214 is a vertebrate-specific miR family that possesses one member in non-teleost vertebrates and two members in teleost fish. miR-214 is likely to have emerged within the Dnm3 gene after the divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates and is located on the opposite strand of an intron of Dnm3 and is associated in an expression cluster with Mir-199 [microRNA precursor|miR-199].Function
miR-214 is a "melano-miR", so-called because it is thought to encourage the metastasis of melanoma. Specifically, the mature microRNA excised from miR-214 is predicted to target two activating protein 2 transcription factors, bringing about downstream effects on a number of genes regulating vital cell cycle processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis.miR-214 is also thought to regulate type-I collagen.
Role in cancer
miR-214 has been found to be downregulated in human cervical cancer; when miR-214 was upregulated in HeLa cancer cells, it was found to significantly reduce cell growth. Two mRNA targets were identified as those encoding the proteins MAP2K3 and MAPK8.The increased expression of miR-214 in pancreatic cancer could bring about increased resistance to chemotherapy.
In human glioma cell line T98G expression of miR-214 has been shown to suppress expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 and reduces tumour cell proliferation. The protein UBC9 is involved in the sumoylation pathway, and is up-regulated in many cancers.