Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão was a Brazilian zoologist who is considered the founder of arachnology in South America, publishing 198 papers on the taxonomy of Arachnida. He was also involved with education, writing high-school textbooks, and contributed to biogeography, with essays on the distribution of Arachnida in the South American continent.
Biography
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão was born on the Cajazeiras Farm, Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Brazil, to Colonel Cândido Firmino and Jacunda de Mello-Leitão. He died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. His parents were subsistence farmers, and he had 15 brothers and sisters. He lived most of his childhood at the state of Pernambuco. His first job as a zoologist was at the Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária in Piraí, RJ, as a teacher of general Zoology and Systematics. In 1915, he published his first taxonomical paper, with descriptions of some genera and species of spiders from Brazil. He also produced much taxonomic information on the Opiliones, Solifugae, Amblypygi, Uropygi, and smaller orders of arachnids. Mello-Leitão was appointed professor of Zoology at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro in April 1931, where he remained until December 1937.
Among the many species of spiders researched and catalogued by the zoologist there is one in particular which is very intriguing, given its big size, beauty and carnivore habits – the Lasiodora parahybana. The species was discovered and first described in 1917 in the vicinities of the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, from where it is endemic.
Mello-Leitão received many honor awards and was appointed or elected to distinguished positions during his career. He was president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences from 1943 to 1945.
On June 6, 1949, his friend Augusto Ruschi inaugurated the Museum of Biology Mello-Leitão in Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo.
The "Mello-Leitão Award" is granted by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.
Contributions to the taxonomy of Arachnida
Below a list of species of spiders discovered, studied and named by the zoologist, as well as the date of discovered and the country where it they are found:Avicularia ancylochira, 1923 — BrazilAvicularia bicegoi, 1923 — BrazilAvicularia cuminami, 1930 — BrazilAvicularia juruensis, 1923 — BrazilAvicularia nigrotaeniata, 1940 — GuyanaAvicularia palmicola, 1945 — BrazilAvicularia pulchra, 1933 — BrazilAvicularia taunayi, 1920 — BrazilIridopelma zorodes, 1926 — BrazilCatumiri argentinense, 1941 — Chile, ArgentinaHemiercus proximus, 1923 — BrazilTapinauchenius violaceus, 1930 — French Guiana, BrazilAcanthoscurria chiracantha, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria cunhae, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria gomesiana, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria juruenicola, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria melanotheria, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria parahybana, 1926 — BrazilAcanthoscurria paulensis, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria rhodothele, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria rondoniae, 1923 — BrazilAcanthoscurria violacea, 1923 — BrazilCesonia irvingi, 1944 — Bahamas, United StatesCtenus vespertilio, 1941 — ColombiaCyclosternum garbei, 1923 — BrazilCyriocosmus fasciatus, 1930 — BrazilCyrtopholis zorodes, 1923 — BrazilEupalaestrus spinosissimus, 1923 — BrazilGrammostola inermis, 1941 — ArgentinaGrammostola porteri, 1936 — ChileGrammostola pulchra, 1921 — BrazilHapalopus nigriventris, 1939 — VenezuelaHapalopus nondescriptus, 1926 — BrazilHapalotremus cyclothorax, 1923 — BrazilHapalotremus exilis, 1923 — BrazilHapalotremus muticus, 1923 — BrazilHapalotremus scintillans, 1929 — BrazilHomoeomma hirsutum, 1935 — BrazilHomoeomma montanum, 1923 — BrazilHomoeomma uruguayense, 1946 — Uruguay, ArgentinaLasiodora acanthognatha, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora citharacantha, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora cristata, 1923 — BrazilLasiodora cryptostigma, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora difficilis, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora dolichosterna, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora dulcicola, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora erythrocythara, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora fracta, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora itabunae, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora lakoi, 1943 — BrazilLasiodora mariannae, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora parahybana, 1917 — BrazilLasiodora pleoplectra, 1921 — BrazilLasiodora sternalis, 1923 — BrazilLasiodora subcanens, 1921 — BrazilPhormictopus australis, 1941 — ArgentinaPhormictopus ribeiroi, 1923 — BrazilPlesiopelma insulare, 1923 — BrazilPlesiopelma minense, 1943 — BrazilPlesiopelma physopus, 1926 — BrazilPlesiopelma rectimanum, 1923 — BrazilProshapalopus anomalus, 1923 — BrazilProshapalopus multicuspidatus, 1929 — BrazilSericopelma fallax, 1923 — BrazilVitalius dubius, 1923 — BrazilVitalius roseus, 1923 — BrazilVitalius sorocabae, 1923 — BrazilVitalius vellutinus, 1923 — BrazilVitalius wacketi, 1923 — Brazil
List of arachnological works
Kury, A.B. & Baptista, Renner L.C., 2004. Arachnological papers published by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão. Publicações Avulsas do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 105: 1-17. .