Melampsora caprearumMelampsora caprearum is a fungal pathogen which causes galls on willows. Also known as a rust fungus, it was first described by Felix von Thümen in 1879.DescriptionMelampsora caprearum distorts the blades and veins of willow leaves, causing irregular spots with yellow-orange uredinia. The rust has been found on eared willow, goat willow, grey willow and their hybrids.DistributionHas been recorded from Belgium, Finland, Great Britain and Poland.