Marunouchi
Marunouchi is an area in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, located between Tokyo Station and the Imperial Palace. The name, meaning "inside the circle", derives from its location within the palace's outer moat. Marunouchi is the core of Tokyo's central business district as well as one of the main financial centres in Japan. 20 of the Fortune Global 500 companies are headquartered in the area as of 2021, while many other such companies based outside Japan have Asian or Japanese offices there. Together with the neighbouring districts of Yūrakuchō and Ōtemachi, Marunouchi is part of a larger business district sometimes referred to as Daimaruyū.
History
In 1590, before shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu entered Edo Castle, the area now known as Marunouchi was an inlet of Tokyo Bay and had the name Hibiya. With the expansion of the castle, this inlet was filled, beginning in 1592. A new outer moat was constructed, and the earlier moat became the inner moat. The area took the name Okuruwauchi. Daimyōs, particularly shinpan and fudai, constructed their mansions here, and with 24 such estates, the area also became known as daimyō kōji. The offices of the North and South Magistrates, and that of the Finance Magistrate, were also here.Following the Meiji Restoration, Marunouchi came under control of the national government, which erected barracks and parade grounds for the Imperial Japanese Army. In 1890 Iwasaki Yanosuke, brother of the founder of Mitsubishi, purchased the land for 1.5 million yen. As the company developed the land, it came to be known as Mitsubishi-ga-hara. Much of the land remains under the control of Mitsubishi Estate Co., and the headquarters of many companies in the Mitsubishi Group are in Marunouchi.
The government of Tokyo constructed its headquarters on the site of the former Kōchi han in 1894. They moved it to the present Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building in Shinjuku in 1991, and the Tokyo International Forum and Toyota Tsusho Corporation now stands on the site. Nearly a quarter of Japan's GDP is generated in this area. Tokyo Station opened in 1914, and the Marunouchi Building in 1923. Marunouchi was targeted in the 1974 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bombing by the radical far-left terrorist organisation East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front. Tokyo Station reopened on 1 October 2012 after a 5 year refurbishment.
Landmarks
Extant historical buildings
Fully preserved
- Tokyo Station
- Meiji Insurance Headquarters
- Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum
Partially preserved
- Japan Industry Club
Companies based in Marunouchi
- Mitsubishi Group companies:
- *MUFG
- *Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance
- *Mitsubishi Corporation
- *Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
- *Mitsubishi Electric
- *Nippon Yusen
- *Tokio Marine Nichido
- *Asahi Glass
- Hitachi
- Furukawa Electric
- Nikko Citigroup
- Ushio, Inc.
- Tanaka Kikinzoku Group
International companies
Marunouchi also houses the Japan offices of Aeroméxico, Bain & Company, Bayerische Landes Bank, Bloomberg, First National Bank of Boston, BT Group, Citigroup, Banca Commerciale Italiana, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Bank of India, JPMorgan Chase, KPMG, Latham & Watkins, Mellon Bank, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, Morrison & Foerster, NatWest Group, Nikko Cordial, Nikko Citigroup, Rabobank, Bank Negara Indonesia, Overseas Union Bank, Philadelphia National Bank, PwC, Ropes & Gray, Royal Insurance, Standard Chartered and Standard & Poor's.Rail and subway stations
- Nijūbashimae Station
- Otemachi Station
- Tokyo Station
Education