House of Ávalos
The House of Ávalos is an aristocratic family of Spanish origin that also branched out in Italy starting from the 15th century. The Italian branch of the family was the owner of numerous fiefs in the Kingdom of Naples until the abolition of feudalism and in the Duchy of Milan, including within it several notable figures in the political, military and ecclesiastical fields.
The d'Avalos family also had, in the person of Cesare Michelangelo d'Avalos, the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and the right to mint coins. The family held the title of Grand Chamberlain or Camerlengo, one of the Seven Great Offices of the Kingdom of Naples, for 195 years.
History
The d'Avalos would have, according to tradition, Visigothic origins. The first historically reliable information mentions the family in relation to a donation made by a certain Ximeno de Avalos to the benefit of the Royal Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla dated 1162. Historian Esteban de Garibay y Zamalloa stated that Ximeno was a person of importance, a Knight with possessions in the village of Ábalos in the region of La Rioja. Various descendants of the family passed to Aragon and, then, to Andalusia, distinguishing themselves in the centuries-old military operations of the Reconquista.The first Dávalos to rise to significant political importance was Lope Fernández Dávalos, who was also the first member of the family to settle in the Kingdom of Castile and León, during the reign of Ferdinand IV of Castile. Having distinguished himself in the conflicts against the Sultanate of Granada, he was appointed Alcaide of Ubeda in 1334.
At the end of the 14th century, a great-grandson of Dávalos, Ruy López Dávalos became Constable of Castile as well as Adelantado mayor de Murcia y camarero mayor y gran valido of Henry III, King of Castile and León. Ruy López was the founder of several branches of the family, which spread to Toledo, Aragon, the region of Murcia, and Peru. A number of branches also were formed from Ruy's brother, Lope Ruiz. Among Lope's descendants we find important figures such as the ruler of Murcia Sancho Dávalos and Cardinal Gaspar de Ávalos de la Cueva.
Italian branch
The d'Ávalos family was one of the most important families of the Kingdom of Naples from the 15th century onwards. The brothers Iñigo, Alfonso and Rodrigo, sons of Ruy López Dávalos, Count of Ribadeo, arrived in the Italian peninsula following King Alfonso V of Aragon, who ascended to the throne of Naples in 1442.The family was the owner of numerous fiefs and registered among the patricians of Naples of the Sedile di Nilo, then in the Libro d'Oro.
Innico I d'Avalos, favorite of Alfonso V of Aragon, married Antonella d'Aquino, the last descendant of the d'Aquino family; their heirs used the surname d'Avalos d'Aquino. Innico obtained the County of Monteodorisio and the Marquessate of Pescara from his wife. Alfonso II d'Avalos, the eldest of the couple's surviving sons, would have inherited the title of Marquess of Pescara, while Innico II d'Avalos, the couple's younger son, became the 1st Marquess of Vasto.
A collateral branch of the family was that of Ceppaloni, which originated from Rodrigo, to whom in 1529 the Emperor Charles V granted the fief of the village of the same name, previously a possession of the rebel Giacomo Antonio della Marra. Rodrigo married Feliciana de Gregorio, a noblewoman from Benevento, as his second wife, thus entering into possession of the rustic fief of Villafranca, in the County of Benevento. Rodrigo was succeeded by his firstborn Alfonso who married Costanza Caracciolo d'Aragona with whom he had various children, including Rodrigo who inherited the fief of Ceppaloni, sold in 1572 to the Coscia family.
This branch was also registered in the nobility of Benevento and became extinct at the beginning of the 17th century.
Alfonso II had an only son, Fernando Francesco d'Avalos, a leader, known for his leading role in the battle of Pavia and husband of Vittoria Colonna. Fernando Francesco, however, had no children from this marriage. The Aragonese Castle of Ischia, owned by the d'Avalos family, was the seat of a cultural circle: Vittoria Colonna had married there and resided there from 1501 to 1536, together with her aunt Costanza, surrounded by the most prestigious artists of the time. Upon the death of Fernando Francesco, the title of Marquess of Pescara passed to his cousin, the only male child of Innico II, namely Alfonso III d'Avalos. The latter, also a renowned General, acquired the title of Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and was Governor of the Duchy of Milan from 1538 to 1546. Alfonso III's eldest son, Francesco Ferdinando d'Avalos, held important government positions, being appointed Governor of the Duchy of Milan in 1560 and Viceroy of Sicily in 1568. The main line of the family continued with Alfonso Félix d'Ávalos, an important military man, commander of the Spanish cavalry in the victorious Battle of Zutphen.