Mangeliidae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Prior to 2011, both the subfamilies Mangeliinae and Oenopotinae had been placed in the family Conidae. In 2011, Bouchet, Kantor et al merged the two subfamilies into one taxon, which they elevated to the rank of family. This was based on anatomical characters and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments.
Mangeliidae is a sister-clade to the family Raphitomidae
As with their relatives in the family Conidae, species in the family Mangeliidae use potent venoms to catch their prey. Through this characteristic, they are of interest in pharmacological research.
Description
This family is characterized in general by usually the lack of an operculum, by a deep anal sinus on the subsutural ramp and with a heavy callus on the shoulder slope of the outer lip.The Mangeliidae are small to medium-sized gastropods. The high-spired shell has a fusiform to an oval or biconical shape. The protoconch is helicoid, with a very small initial, and rapidly increasing subsequent whorls. The spire is usually comparatively low. The shoulders of the whorls are often angular. The axial ribs are dominant in the sculpture of the shell. The spiral sculpture often consists of fine striae with a microsculpture of spirally aligned granules. The texture of the adult shell is frequently "gritty," from a sculpture of minute grains. The aperture is oval-elongated, usually narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated siphonal canal. The aperture is only rarely denticulate. The outer lip is reinforced. The varix is usually well developed, and the fasciole evanescent. A series of pustules on the columella is an ordinary feature. The toxoglossate radula has a weak basal ribbon and relatively short marginal teeth with very variable morphology. The tooth cavity opens laterally.
However, the genera Neoguraleus and Liracraea are operculate; the operculum in these genera has a terminal nucleus. These exceptions mean that the reinforced outer lip is the most characteristic feature of this family.
The species in this family occurred from the Paleogene to Recent.
Genera
This is a list of the accepted names of genera in the family Mangeliidae :Acmaturris Woodring, 1928 Agathotoma Cossman, 1899- † Amblyacrum Cossmann, 1889Anticlinura Thiele, 1934 Antiguraleus Powell, 1942 Apispiralia Laseron, 1954 Apitua Laseron, 1954Austrobela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020Bactrocythara Woodring, 1928 Bela Gray, 1847 Belalora Powell, 1951
- † Belidaphne Vera-Peláez, 2002 Bellacythara McLean, 1971 Benthomangelia Thiele, 1925 Brachycythara Woodring, 1928
- † Buchozia Bayan, 1873 Cacodaphnella Pilsbry & Lowe, 1933 Citharomangelia Kilburn, 1992 Cryoturris Woodring, 1928 Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941Cythara Fischer, 1883 Cytharopsis A. Adams, 1865Eucithara Fischer, 1883 Euryentmema Woodring, 1928Genotina Vera-Peláez, 2004Gingicithara Kilburn, 1992 Glyphoturris Woodring, 1928 Granotoma Bartsch, 1941Granoturris Fargo, 1953 Guraleus Hedley, 1918 Hemicythara Kuroda & Oyama, 1971 Heterocithara Hedley, 1922 Ithycythara Woodring, 1928 Kurtzia Bartsch 1944 Kurtziella Dall, 1918 Kurtzina Bartsch, 1944 Kyllinia Garilli & Galletti, 2007Leiocithara Hedley, 1922 Liracraea Odhner, 1924
- Lorabela Powell, 1951Macteola Hedley, 1918 Mangelia Risso, 1826 Marita Hedley, 1922 Mitraguraleus Laseron, 1954Neoguraleus Powell, 1939 Notocytharella Hertlein & Strong, 1955 Obesotoma Bartsch, 1941Oenopota Mörch, 1852Oenopotella A. Sysoev, 1988Papillocithara Kilburn, 1992 Paraguraleus Powell, 1944 Paraspirotropis Sysoev & Kantor, 1984 Perimangelia McLean, 2000
- † Petrafixia Cossmann, 1901 Platycythara Woodring, 1928Propebela Iredale, 1918Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895 Pyrgocythara Woodring, 1928 Rubellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 Saccharoturris Woodring, 1928 Sorgenfreispira Moroni, 1979 Stellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 Suturocythara Garcia, 2008 Tenaturris Woodring, 1928 Toxicochlespira Sysoev & Kantor, 1990Venustoma Bartsch, 1941Vexiguraleus Powell, 1942 Vitricythara Fargo, 1953
; Genera brought into synonymy :Canetoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918Cestoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918Cithara: synonym of Cythara Schumacher, 1817Clathromangilia: synonym of Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884: belongs now to the family ClathurellidaeClinuromella Beets, 1943: synonym of Anticlinura Thiele, 1934Clinuropsis Thiele, 1929: synonym of Anticlinura Thiele, 1934Cyrtocythara F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Cytharella Monterosato, 1875: synonym of Mangelia Monterosato, 1875Ditoma Bellardi, 1875: synonym of Agathotoma Cossman, 1899Euguraleus Cotton, 1947: synonym of Guraleus Hedley, 1918Fehria van Aartsen, 1988 : synonym of Bela Gray, 1847Funitoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918Ginnania Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Bela Gray, 1847Lora Auctores non Gray, 1847: synonym of Oenopota Mörch, 1852Mangilia Lovén, 1846: synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Mangiliella Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Nematoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941Nodotoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Oenopota Mörch, 1852Pseudoraphitoma: synonym of Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895Rissomangelia Monterosato, 1917 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Rugocythara Nordsieck, 1977 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Scabrella Hedley, 1918: synonym of Asperdaphne Hedley, 1922Smithia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Smithiella Monterosato, 1890Smithiella Monterosato, 1890 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Thelecytharella Shuto, 1969 : synonym of Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the family PseudomelatomidaeThetidos Hedley, 1899: synonym of Lienardia Jousseaume, 1884 : belongs to the family ClathurellidaeTurritomella Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918Villiersiella Monterosato, 1890: synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826Widalli Bogdanov, 1986: synonym of Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941Cythara Schumacher, 1817