Raphitomidae


Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.

Description

The Raphitomidae is the largest, most diverse and most variable taxon in the Conoidea, with the greatest number of species and the largest ecological range and largest vertical range.
The shells of species in the Raphitomidae are very variable in shape and size. Similarly, shell sculpture is extremely variable, from nearly smooth to well developed spiral and axial elements and subsutural ramps. Common morphology includes apertural armature rarely well developed, inner lip usually smooth, no operculum, radular tooth hypodermic in character with marginal teeth of variable morphology.
The muscular bulb of the venom gland is always single-layered. The close relationship of Raphitomidae with cone snails, makes them an interesting candidate for the discovery of new toxins.
Another characteristic is the multispiral protoconch, which shows spiral striae on protoconch I and diagonally cancellated sculpture on protoconch II.
Some species with a paucispiral protoconch are included in the family. This is usually based on similarities in shell morphology to
species having a "raphitomine" protoconch. This determination should also ideally be founded on other attributes, such as the type of radula or foregut anatomy or their lack of an operculum.

Genera

This is a list of the accepted names of genera in the family Raphitomidae Abyssobela Kantor & Sysoev, 1986Abyssothauma Sysoev, 1996Acamptodaphne Shuto, 1971Acanthodaphne Bonfitto & Morassi, 2006Aliceia Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897Aplotoma Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Asperdaphne Hedley, 1922Austrobela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Austrodaphnella Laseron, 1954Austropusilla Laseron, 1954Austrotheta Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020

Synonyms

Allo Jousseaume, 1934: synonym of Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Anomalotomella Powell, 1966: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872Aspertilla Powell, 1944: synonym of Asperdaphne Hedley, 1922Azorilla F. Nordsieck, 1968; synonym of Teretia Norman, 1888.Azorita F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872Bathypota F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Bathybela Kobelt, 1905Cenodagreutes E.H. Smith, 1967: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Cirillia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884Clathurina Melvill, 1917 : synonym of Kermia Oliver, 1915Cochlioconus Yokoyama, 1928: synonym of Thatcheria Angas, 1877 Cordiera: synonym of Cordieria Rouault, 1848Cyrtoides F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Eudaphne Bartsch, 1931: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844Eudaphnella Bartsch, 1933: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844Feliciella Lamy, 1934: synonym of Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Fenestrosyrinx Finlay, 1926 : synonym of Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Fusidaphne Laseron, 1954: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 Hemidaphne Hedley, 1918: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844Homotoma Bellardi, 1875: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884Lineotoma F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884Litachilus Powell, 1944: synonym of Teleochilus Harris, 1897 Magnella Dittmer, 1960: synonym of Mioawateria Vella, 1954Majox F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Gymnobela Verrill, 1884Metaclathurella Shuto, 1983: synonym of Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898Mordica Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula Melvill, 1917 Ootoma Koperberg, 1931: synonym of Buccinaria Kittl, 1887Ootomella Bartsch, 1933: synonym of Buccinaria Kittl, 1887Paradaphne Laseron, 1954: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844Peratotoma Harris & Burrows, 1891: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884Philbertia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Pionotoma Kuroda, 1952: synonym of Buccinaria Kittl, 1887Qii Zhang, 1995: synonym of Pseudodaphnella Boettger, 1895Rhaphitoma: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1848Speoides Kuroda & Habe, 1961: synonym of Spergo Dall, 1895 Teres Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of Teretia Norman, 1888 Tasmadaphne Laseron, 1954: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 Turrhyssa Dall, 1924: synonym of Eucyclotoma Boettger, 1895Watsonaria F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Gymnobela Verrill, 1884