Madrid Protocol of 1885
The Madrid Protocol of 1885 was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain to recognize the sovereignty of Spain over the Sulu Archipelago as well as the limit of Spanish influence in the region. Under the agreement, Spain relinquished all claim to Borneo.
Another important point regarding the agreement relates to Article IV, which guarantees no restriction on trade to the parties of the protocol within the Sulu Archipelago and North Borneo.