Ls

Behavior

• Includes all files, even those starting with ., which on Unix-based systems are otherwise Hidden file and hidden directory#Unix and [Unix-like environments|not included]
• Same as, but excludes the special entries . and ..
• -l Selects the long output format which extends the default output of the file name with additional information including type, permissions, hard link count, owning user and group, size, last-modified timestamp
• -h Output sizes as so-called human readable by using units of KB, MB, GB instead of bytes. This option is not part of the POSIX standard, although implemented in several systems, e.g., GNU coreutils in 1997, FreeBSD 4.5 in 2002, and Solaris 9 in 2002.
• -R Include files of a directory tree, recursively
• -t Sort the list by modification time
• -u Sort the list by last access time
• -c Sort the list by last attribute change time
• -r Reverse the order, for example most recent time last
• --full-time Show times down to the millisecond instead of just the minute
• -1 One entry per line
• -m Stream format; list items across the page, separated by commas.
• -g Include group but not owner
• -o Include owner but not group
• -d Show information about a directory or symbolic link, rather than the contents of a directory or the link's target
• -F Append a "/" to directory names, a "*" to executable files and a "@" to symbolic links

  Example