List of potentially habitable exoplanets
The following list includes potentially habitable exoplanets. It is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Worlds Catalog, and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HWC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.
Surface planetary habitability is thought to require an orbit at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.
Main list
This is a list of confirmed exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are either under 10 Earth masses or smaller than 2.5 Earth radii and thus have a chance of being rocky. Note that inclusion on this list does not guarantee habitability, and in particular the larger planets are less likely to have a rocky composition and more likely to be mini-Neptunes. Earth is included for both comparison and reference, while Venus and Mars are included for reference only.Note that mass and radius values prefixed with "~" have not been measured, but are predicted from a mass–radius relationship.
| Object | Star | Star type | Mass | Radius | Density | Flux | Teq | Period | Distance | Refs/notes |
| Earth | Sun | 5.514 | 255 | 365.25 | 0 | Only planet confirmed to support life | ||||
| Venus | Sun | 5.243 | 224.70 | 0.0000042 | ||||||
| Mars | Sun | 3.934 | 686.98 | 0.0000058–0.000042 | ||||||
| 55 Cancri Bc | 55 Cancri B | — | — | 200 | 33.7 | 40.9 | ||||
| Gliese 12 b | Gliese 12 | or | or | 315 | 12.7 | 39.7 | Near inner edge of HZ, might resemble Venus | |||
| Gliese 163 c | Gliese 163 | — | — | 277 | 25.6 | 49 | ||||
| Gliese 180 d | Gliese 180 | — | — | — | 106.3 | 39 | ||||
| Gliese 251 c | Gliese 251 | — | — | — | — | 53.6 | 18.2 | |||
| Gliese 357 d | Gliese 357 | — | — | 200 | 55.7 | 31 | ||||
| Gliese 433 d | Gliese 433 | — | — | — | 36.1 | 29.6 | ||||
| Gliese 514 b | Gliese 514 | — | — | 202 | 140.4 | 25 | Highly eccentric | |||
| Gliese 555 b | Gliese 555 | — | — | 214 | 36.2 | 20.4 | ||||
| Gliese 625 b | Gliese 625 | — | — | — | 14.628 | 21.1 | Likely too hot | |||
| Gliese 667 Cc | Gliese 667 C | — | 277 | 28.1 | 23.62 | |||||
| GJ 1002 b | GJ 1002 | ~1.03 | — | 231 | 10.3 | 15.8 | ||||
| GJ 1002 c | GJ 1002 | 1.1 | — | 182 | 21.2 | 15.8 | ||||
| GJ 1061 c | GJ 1061 | — | 275 | 6.7 | 12 | |||||
| GJ 1061 d | GJ 1061 | — | 218 | 13.0 | 12 | |||||
| GJ 3293 d | GJ 3293 | — | — | 223 | 48.1 | 66 | ||||
| GJ 3998 d | GJ 3998 | — | — | — | 41.8 | 58 | ||||
| HD 20794 d | HD 20794 | — | — | — | — | 647.6 | 19.7 | Highly eccentric orbit | ||
| HD 216520 c | HD 216520 | — | — | — | 154.4 | 64 | ||||
| HIP 38594 b | HIP 38594 | — | — | — | 60.7 | 58 | ||||
| K2-72e | K2-72 | — | 261 | 24.2 | 217 | |||||
| K2-155d | K2-155 | 4.27 | 1.64 | — | — | 289 | 40.6 | 290 | ||
| K2-288Bb | K2-288 B | — | 207 | 31.4 | 214 | |||||
| K2-332b | K2-332 | — | — | — | 17.7 | 402 | ||||
| Kepler-22b | Kepler-22 | ~9.1 or ~35 | — | 261 | 289.9 | 635 | ||||
| Kepler-62e | Kepler-62 | — | 264 | 122.4 | 981 | |||||
| Kepler-62f | Kepler-62 | — | 204 | 267.3 | 981 | |||||
| Kepler-155c | Kepler-155 | — | — | — | 52.7 | 957 | ||||
| Kepler-174d | Kepler-174 | — | — | 206 | 247.4 | 1,254 | ||||
| Kepler-186f | Kepler-186 | — | 188 | 129.9 | 579 | |||||
| Kepler-283c | Kepler-283 | — | — | 248 | 92.7 | 1,526 | ||||
| Kepler-296e | Kepler-296 | — | 276 | 34.1 | 737 | |||||
| Kepler-296f | Kepler-296 | — | — | 225 | 63.3 | 737 | ||||
| Kepler-440b | Kepler-440 | — | — | 273 | 101.1 | 981 | ||||
| Kepler-442b | Kepler-442 | — | 233 | 112.3 | 1,193 | |||||
| Kepler-443b | Kepler-443 | — | — | 247 | 177.7 | 2,615 | ||||
| Kepler-705b | Kepler-705 | — | — | 243 | 56.1 | 903 | ||||
| Kepler-725 c | Kepler-725 | 9.7 | — | — | — | 207.5 | 2,526 | |||
| Kepler-1229b | Kepler-1229 | — | 213 | 86.8 | 865 | |||||
| Kepler-1410b | Kepler-1410 | — | — | 274 | 60.9 | 1196 | ||||
| Kepler-1455b | Kepler-1455 | — | — | 49.3 | 1280 | |||||
| Kepler-1540b | Kepler-1540 | — | — | 250 | 125.4 | 799 | ||||
| Kepler-1544 b | Kepler-1544 | — | — | 248 | 168.8 | 1092 | ||||
| Kepler-1606b | Kepler-1606 | — | — | 277 | 196.4 | 2710 | ||||
| Kepler-1649c | Kepler-1649 | — | 237 | 19.5 | 301 | |||||
| Kepler-1652b | Kepler-1652 | — | — | 244 | 38.1 | 822 | ||||
| Kepler-1653 b | Kepler-1653 | — | — | 258 | 140.3 | 2461 | ||||
| Kepler-1701b | Kepler-1701 | — | — | 275 | 169.1 | 1904 | ||||
| LHS 1140 b | LHS 1140 | 226 | 24.7 | 49 | Likely an ocean world with an atmosphere | |||||
| LP 890-9 c | LP 890-9 | — | — | 272 | 8.46 | 105 | ||||
| Luyten b | Luyten's Star | — | 258 | 18.65 | 12.3 | |||||
| Proxima Centauri b | Proxima Centauri | — | 228 | 11.186 | 4.25 | Affected by stellar flare, possibly affected by high radiation flux | ||||
| Ross 128 b | Ross 128 | — | 280 | 9.87 | 11.0 | |||||
| Ross 508 b | Ross 508 | — | — | — | 10.8 | 37 | ||||
| Struve 2398 Bc | Struve 2398 | — | — | 37.9 | 11.5 | |||||
| Teegarden's Star b | Teegarden's Star | — | 264 | 4.91 | 12.5 | |||||
| Teegarden's Star c | Teegarden's Star | — | 199 | 11.4 | 12.5 | |||||
| L 98-59 f | L 98-59 | — | — | 23.07 | 34.6 | |||||
| TOI-700 d | TOI-700 | — | 246 | 37.4 | 101 | |||||
| TOI-700 e | TOI-700 | — | 273 | 27.8 | 101 | |||||
| TOI-715 b | TOI-715 | — | 234 | 19.29 | 137 | |||||
| TOI-2094 Ab | TOI-2094 | — | 0.98 | 18.8 | 164 | |||||
| TOI-2257 b | TOI-2257 | — | 35.2 | 188 | Highly eccentric | |||||
| TOI-2285 b | TOI-2285 | 4.1 | 1.75 | — | — | 284 | 27 | 137 | Likely too hot | |
| TOI-7166 b | TOI-7166 | — | 1.07 | 249 | 12.9 | 115 | ||||
| TRAPPIST-1e | TRAPPIST-1 | 5.65 | 230 | 6.1 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky. Possibly has an atmosphere. | ||||
| TRAPPIST-1f | TRAPPIST-1 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 200 | 9.2 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky | ||||
| TRAPPIST-1g | TRAPPIST-1 | 4.186 | 182 | 12.4 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky | ||||
| Wolf 1069 b | Wolf 1069 | — | 250 | 15.6 | 31.2 | |||||
| Wolf 1061c | Wolf 1061 | — | 271 | 17.9 | 13.8 |
Current candidates
This is a list of notable exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are either under 10 Earth masses or smaller than 2.5 Earth radii and have not yet been confirmed. Earth is included for both comparison and reference, while Venus and Mars are included for reference only.| Object | Star | Star type | Mass | Radius | Density | Flux | Teq | Period | Distance | Refs/notes |
| Earth | Sun | 5.514 | 255 | 365.25 | 0 | Only planet confirmed to support life | ||||
| Venus | Sun | 5.243 | 224.70 | 0.0000042 | ||||||
| Mars | Sun | 3.934 | 686.98 | 0.0000058–0.000042 | ||||||
| Gliese 180 c | Gliese 180 | — | — | 239 | 24.3 | 39 | ||||
| HD 40307 g | HD 40307 | — | — | 226 | 197.8 | 42 | ||||
| HD 137010 b | HD 137010 | — | 355 | 146 | ||||||
| Kepler-452b | Kepler-452 | — | 261 | 384.8 | 1799 | |||||
| KOI-4878.01 | KOI-4878 | ~ | — | 257 | 449.0 | 1,075 | ||||
| KOI-5715.01 | KOI-5715 | — | 1.93 | 260 | 190 | 2,964 | ||||
| Lacaille 9352 d | Lacaille 9352 | — | — | 50.7 | 10.7 | |||||
| LTT 1445 Ad | LTT 1445A | — | — | — | 24.3 | 22.4 | ||||
| Tau Ceti f | Tau Ceti | — | — | 0.27 | 190 | 642 | 11.9 | Has been only in HZ for less than 1 Gya | ||
| TOI-715.02 | TOI-715 | 25.6 | 137 | |||||||
| WD 1054–226 b | WD 1054–226 | DAZ | ~1 | — | — | 1.04 | 118 | The surface temperature might be high enough for habitability |
Previous candidates
Some habitable exoplanets detected by radial velocity were considered as stellar artifacts by some studies. These include Gliese 581 d and g, Gliese 667 Ce and f, Gliese 682 b and c, Kapteyn b, Gliese 229 Ac, HD 85512 b and Gliese 832 c.Several other planets, such as Gliese 180 b, also appear to be examples of planets once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone. Similarly, Tau Ceti e, HD 85512 b and Kepler-69c were thought to be likely habitable, but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, PHL does not consider it potentially habitable. Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.
K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and the latter remains listed in the HWC, but recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptune rather than being the Hycean planet and thus unlikely to be habitable.
Kepler-1638b was thought to be a possibly habitable planet with a radius smaller than after the validation. However based on the later measurement of host star parallax by Gaia, the radius of the planet was revised upward to, meaning it is more likely an ice giant like Neptune with poor prospect for habitability.
KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015. Several other KOIs, like Kepler-577b and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.
TRAPPIST-1 d was considered to be potentially habitable until JWST/NIRSpec data found little evidence for an atmosphere with Earth-like surface pressure, highly likely ruling out habitability.