List of women philosophers
This is a list of women philosophers ordered alphabetically by surname. Although often overlooked in mainstream historiography, women have engaged in philosophy throughout the field's history. Some notable philosophers include Maitreyi, Gargi Vachaknavi, Ghosha, Hypatia of Alexandria, Anne Conway, Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Martineau, Sarah Margaret Fuller, Frances Power Cobbe, Vernon Lee, Edith Stein, Ayn Rand, Hannah Arendt, Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Murdoch, Elizabeth Anscombe, Mary Midgley, Philippa Foot, Mary Warnock, Joyce Mitchell Cook, Cora Diamond, and Susan Haack.
By period
Ancient philosophy
- Lopamudra
- Maitreyi
- Ghosha
- Gargi Vachaknavi
- Theano of Croton
- Aristoclea of Delphi
- Khujjuttarā
- Aspasia of Miletus
- Arete of Cyrene
- Hipparchia of Maroneia
- Nicarete of Megara
- Ptolemais of Cyrene
- Aesara of Lucania
- Diotima of Mantinea
- Ban Zhao
- Catherine of Alexandria
- Sosipatra of Ephesus
- Xie Daoyun
- Hypatia
- Aedesia of Alexandria
- Theodora
Medieval philosophy
From the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century C.E. to the Renaissance in the 16th century.- Khana
- Ubhaya Bharati, moderated the debate between Adi Shankara and Mandana Mishra, then challenged Shankara herself.
- Héloïse d'Argenteuil, contributed to the ethical thought of Peter Abelard.
- Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, composer, and philosopher.
- Akka Mahadevi, Kannada mystic, considered a saint in the Lingayat denomination of Hinduism.
- Marguerite Porete, French mystic, author of The Mirror of Simple Souls, burnt at the stake for heresy.
- Lalleshwari, Kashmiri mystic, an influence on both Trika Shaivism and the Rishi Order of Sufis.
- Catherine of Siena, Italian mystic, one of the most influential women of the 14th Century.
- Christine de Pizan, successful author and promoter of famous women
- Mirabai, considered a saint in the Bhakti Movement due to her devotion to Krishna.
- Tullia d'Aragona, Italian courtesan who argued for the social and religious acceptance of sexual desire.
- Teresa of Ávila, Spanish mystic, co-founded the Discalced Carmelites with John of the Cross.
- Moderata Fonte, author of the dialogue The Worth of Women.
Modern philosophy
It is still debated when the Modern period began, but some scholars place 15th and 16th century philosophers into the category of “Early Modern Philosophy”, and those in the 17th through the early 20th centuries into the categories of Modern and “Post Modern” philosophy.- Marie de Gournay
- Anna Maria van Schurman
- Madeleine de Scudéry
- Elisabeth of Bohemia
- Margaret Cavendish
- Gabrielle Suchon
- Anne Conway
- Madame de Maintenon
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
- Damaris Cudworth Masham, philosopher and theologian
- Mary Astell
- Catharine Trotter Cockburn
- Émilie du Châtelet
- Laura Bassi, philosopher and physicist
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Sophie de Grouchy
- Germaine de Staël
- Harriet Martineau
- George Eliot
- Frances Power Cobbe
- Antoinette Brown Blackwell
- Helena Blavatsky
- Gauri Ma
- Sister Nivedita
Contemporary philosophy
- Felicia Nimue Ackerman
- Marilyn McCord Adams
- Alia Al-Saji
- Lilli Alanen
- Linda Martín Alcoff
- Amy Allen
- Alice Ambrose
- Elizabeth Anderson
- Lou Andreas-Salomé
- Julia Annas
- G. E. M. Anscombe
- Louise Antony
- Hannah Arendt, political theorist
- Nomy Arpaly
- Anita Avramides
- Babette Babich
- Annette Baier
- Karen Barad
- Dorit Bar-On
- Marcia Baron
- Lauren Barthold
- Sandra Bartky
- Nancy Bauer
- Simone de Beauvoir, author, feminist
- Helen Beebee
- Seyla Benhabib
- Tina Fernandes Botts
- Peg Birmingham
- Susanne Bobzien
- Samantha Brennan
- Janet Broughton
- Kimberley Brownlee
- Teresa Blankmeyer Burke
- Inga Bostad, Norwegian philosopher and educator
- Giannina Braschi
- Judith Butler
- Mary Whiton Calkins
- Joan Callahan
- Agnes Callard
- Elisabeth Camp
- Victoria Camps
- Claudia Card
- Nancy Cartwright
- Barbara Cassin
- Ruth Chang
- Patricia Churchland
- Hélène Cixous
- Lorraine Code
- Joyce Mitchell Cook
- Megan Craig
- Alice Crary
- Ann Cudd
- Chris Cuomo
- Izydora Dąmbska
- Peggy DesAutels
- Penelope Deutscher
- Heather Douglas
- Helene von Druskowitz
- Raya Dunayevskaya
- Divya Dwivedi
- Dorothy Edgington
- Frances Egan
- Dorothy Emmet
- Cécile Fabre
- Carla Fehr
- Carrie Figdor
- Gail Fine
- Juliet Floyd
- Philippa Foot
- Nancy Fraser
- Miranda Fricker
- Marilyn Frye
- Ann Garry
- Tamar Gendler
- Margaret Gilbert
- Mary Louise Gill
- Kathryn Gines
- Lydia Goehr
- Rebecca Goldstein
- Ana Marta González
- Patricia Greenspan
- Celia Green
- Germaine Greer
- Marjorie Grene
- Susan Haack
- Ruth Hagengruber
- Käte Hamburger, literary scholar
- Donna Haraway
- Sandra Harding, feminist
- Sally Haslanger
- Jane Heal
- Virginia Held
- Ágnes Heller
- Jeanne Hersch
- Mary Hesse
- Pamela Hieronymi
- Jennifer Hornsby
- Susan Hurley
- Rosalind Hursthouse
- Luce Irigaray
- Jenann Ismael
- Alison Jaggar
- Susan James
- Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins
- Barbara Johnson
- Evelyn Fox Keller
- Patricia Kitcher
- Eva Kittay
- Martha Klein
- Martha Kneale
- Helen Knight
- Sarah Kofman
- Christine Korsgaard
- Julia Kristeva
- İoanna Kuçuradi
- Jennifer Lackey
- Susanne Langer
- Rae Langton
- Thelma Z. Lavine
- Michèle Le Dœuff
- Hilde Lindemann
- Genevieve Lloyd
- Elisabeth Lloyd
- Sharon Lloyd
- Helen Longino
- Béatrice Longuenesse
- Penelope Maddy
- Kate Manne
- Ruth Barcan Marcus
- Noëlle McAfee
- Alison McIntyre
- Margaret MacDonald
- Fiona Macpherson
- Mary Kate McGowan
- Susan Mendus
- Christia Mercer
- Mary Midgley
- Ruth Millikan
- Michele Moody-Adams
- Iris Murdoch
- Nancey Murphy
- Constance Naden, poet and philosopher
- Jennifer Nagel
- Uma Narayan, Indian postcolonial feminist
- Susan Neiman
- Karen Ng, professor of philosophy at Vanderbilt University
- Nel Noddings
- Kathryn Norlock
- Kathleen Nott
- Martha Nussbaum
- Hilda D. Oakeley
- Cailin O'Connor
- Peg O'Connor
- Kelly Oliver
- Onora O'Neill
- Maria Ossowska
- Adrian Piper
- Ayn Rand
- Janet Radcliffe Richards
- Rosemary Radford Ruether
- Kate Raworth
- Yvanka B. Raynova
- Helena Roerich
- Amélie Rorty
- Renata Salecl
- Debra Satz
- Jennifer Saul
- Susanna Schellenberg
- Naomi Scheman
- Londa Schiebinger, feminist
- Sally Scholz
- Ofelia Schutte
- Lisa H. Schwartzman
- Gila Sher
- Nancy Sherman
- Seana Shiffrin
- Vandana Shiva, feminist
- Laurie Shrage
- Susanna Siegel
- Alison Simmons
- May Gorslin Preston Slosson
- Dorothy Smith
- Holly Martin Smith
- Nancy Snow
- Miriam Solomon
- Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
- Susanne Sreedhar
- Amia Srinivasan
- Susan Stebbing
- Edith Stein, pedagogue
- Isabelle Stengers
- Kathleen Stock
- Helene Stöcker, feminist, sexual reformer
- Alison Stone
- Eleonore Stump, analytic thomist
- Anita Superson
- Lisa Tessman
- Amie Thomasson
- Judith Jarvis Thomson
- Valerie Tiberius
- Lynne Tirrell
- Margaret Urban Walker
- Georgia Warnke
- Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock
- Simone Weil, critical marxist
- Helene Weiss, German and British classical philosopher
- Elsie Whetnall
- Rebecca Whisnant
- Jennifer Whiting
- Jessica Wilson
- Margaret Dauler Wilson
- Charlotte Witt
- Monique Wittig
- Susan Wolf
- Ursula Wolf
- Dorothy Maud Wrinch
- Alison Wylie
- Naomi Zack
- Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski
- María Zambrano
- Ewa Ziarek
- Alenka Zupančič
- Jan Zwicky
Alphabetically
B
- Babette Babich
- Annette Baier
- Ann-Sophie Barwich
- Ban Zhao
- Marcia Baron
- Laura Bassi, philosopher and physicist
- Nancy Bauer
- Simone de Beauvoir, author, feminist
- Helen Beebee
- Seyla Benhabib
- Peg Birmingham
- Helena Blavatsky
- Susanne Bobzien
- Inga Bostad, Norwegian philosopher and educator
- Tina Fernandes Botts
- Anna Brackett
- Janet Broughton
- Antoinette Brown Blackwell
- Teresa Blankmeyer Burke
- Judith Butler
C
- Ella Lyman Cabot
- Mary Whiton Calkins
- Joan Callahan
- Agnes Callard
- Elisabeth Camp
- Claudia Card
- Nancy Cartwright
- Barbara Cassin
- Catherine of Alexandria
- Catherine of Siena
- Margaret Cavendish
- Ruth Chang
- Émilie du Châtelet
- Marilena de Souza Chaui
- Patricia Churchland
- Hélène Cixous
- Frances Power Cobbe
- Catharine Trotter Cockburn
- Lorraine Code
- Hedwig Conrad-Martius
- Anne Conway
- Joyce Mitchell Cook
- Alice Crary
- Ann Cudd
- Chris Cuomo
D
- :pl:Izydora Dąmbska
- Peggy DesAutels
- Penelope Deutscher
- Diotima of Mantinea
- Helene von Druskowitz
- Raya Dunayevskaya
- Divya Dwivedi
E
F
- Carla Fehr
- Carrie Figdor
- Gail Fine
- Juliet Floyd
- Moderata Fonte, critic of religion, feminist
- Philippa Foot
- Nancy Fraser
- Marilyn Frye
G
- Ann Garry
- Tamar Gendler
- Margaret Gilbert
- Mary Louise Gill
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman
- Kathryn Gines
- Hannah Ginsborg
- Lydia Goehr
- Emma Goldman
- Rebecca Goldstein
- Alison Gopnik, psychologist, philosopher of mind
- Olympe de Gouges, women's rights activist
- Marie de Gournay, critic of religion, feminist, translator
- Celia Green
- Patricia Greenspan
- Germaine Greer
- Marjorie Grene
- Cynthia M. Grund, Danish-American philosopher, educator
H
- Susan Haack
- Ruth Hagengruber
- Käte Hamburger, literary scholar
- Donna Haraway
- Sandra Harding, feminist
- Marjorie Silliman Harris
- Sally Haslanger
- Amalie J. Hathaway
- Jane Heal
- Virginia Held
- Ágnes Heller
- Heloise
- Grete Hermann
- Jeanne Hersch
- Mary Hesse
- Pamela Hieronymi
- Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, composer, and philosopher.
- Hipparchia from Thrakien, Cynic philosopher, wife of Crates of Thebes
- Jennifer Hornsby
- Susan Hurley
- Rosalind Hursthouse
- Hypatia of Alexandria Greek Alexandrian Neoplatonist philosopher, mathematician
I
J
- Rahel Jaeggi
- Alison Jaggar
- Barbara Johnson
- Dorthe Jørgensen, Danish philosopher and educator, first Danish woman to be awarded a honorary DPhil
- Sor Juana
- Constance Jones
K
- Evelyn Fox Keller
- Marietta Kies
- Patricia Kitcher
- Eva Kittay
- Martha Klein
- Martha Kneale
- Helen Knight
- Sarah Kofman
- Christine Korsgaard
- Julia Kristeva
- İoanna Kuçuradi
L
- Jennifer Lackey
- Susanne Langer
- Rae Helen Langton
- Thelma Z. Lavine
- Michèle Le Dœuff
- Vernon Lee
- Sabina Leonelli
- Leontion, Epicurean
- Hilde Lindemann
- Genevieve Lloyd
- Sharon Lloyd
- Elisabeth Lloyd
- Helen Longino
- Béatrice Longuenesse
- Rosa Luxemburg, anti-militarist, marxist
M
- Catharine Macaulay
- Fiona Macpherson
- Penelope Maddy
- Ruth Barcan Marcus
- Harriet Martineau
- Mary the Jewess, alchemist
- Damaris Cudworth Masham
- Noëlle McAfee
- Alison McIntyre
- Margaret MacDonald
- Mary Kate McGowan
- Mechthild of Magdeburg
- Harriet Martineau
- Melissa
- Susan Mendus
- Christia Mercer
- Mary Midgley
- Ruth Millikan
- Ellen Mitchell
- Michele Moody-Adams
- Michele Moses
- Iris Murdoch
- Nancey Murphy
- Judith Sargent Murray
N
- Constance Naden
- Uma Narayan
- Susan Neiman
- Cynthia Nielsen
- Nel Noddings
- Kathryn Norlock
- Kathleen Nott
- Martha Nussbaum
O
- Hilda D. Oakeley
- Cailin O'Connor
- Peg O'Connor
- Kelly Oliver
- Onora O'Neill
- Maria Ossowska,
- :de:M. A. C. Otto
P
R
- Maria Rakhmaninova
- Ayn Rand
- Janet Radcliffe Richards
- Rosemary Radford Ruether
- Yvanka B. Raynova
- Helena Roerich
- Avital Ronell
- Amélie Rorty
S
- Renata Salecl
- Debra Satz
- Jennifer Saul
- Ruth L. Saw
- Susanna Schellenberg
- Naomi Scheman
- Londa Schiebinger, feminist
- Sally Scholz
- Anna Maria van Schurman
- Ofelia Schutte
- Lisa H. Schwartzman
- Sally Sedgwick
- Lady Mary Shepherd
- Gila Sher
- Nancy Sherman
- Susan Sherwin, feminist
- Seana Shiffrin
- Vandana Shiva, feminist
- Laurie Shrage
- Susanna Siegel
- Alison Simmons
- May Gorslin Preston Slosson
- Dorothy Smith
- Holly Martin Smith
- Nancy Snow
- Miriam Solomon
- Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
- Susanne Sreedhar
- Amia Srinivasan
- Germaine de Staël
- Susan Stebbing
- Edith Stein, pedagogue
- Kathleen Stock
- Helene Stöcker, feminist, sexual reformer
- Eleonore Stump, analytic thomist
- Gabrielle Suchon
- Anita Superson
- Alison Stone
- Bertha von Suttner
T
- Agnes Taubert
- Harriet Taylor Mill
- Teresa of Ávila
- Theano
- Themistoclea Teacher of Pythagoras
- Judith Jarvis Thomson
- Valerie Tiberius
- Lynne Tirrell
V
- Gargi Vachaknavi, ancient Indian philosopher
- Josina Carolina van Lynden, first female Dutch philosopher who wrote a book about logic
W
- Margaret Urban Walker
- Georgia Warnke
- Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock
- Simone Weil, critical marxist
- Victoria, Lady Welby
- Elsie Whetnall
- Rebecca Whisnant
- Jennifer Whiting
- Jessica Wilson
- Margaret Dauler Wilson
- Charlotte Witt
- Monique Wittig
- Susan Wolf
- Ursula Wolf
- Mary Wollstonecraft, women's rights activist
- Frances Wright
- Dorothy Maud Wrinch
- Alison Wylie