| Aircraft type | Variant | Origin | Role | Service Period | Notes |
| Airco DH.6 | DH.6 | United Kingdom | Two-seat primary trainer biplane | 1918–1919 | Nine aircraft |
| Avro 504 | Avro 504K | United Kingdom | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1919–1920 | 20 aircraft |
| Bleriot XI | Bleriot XI | France | Trainer aircraft | 1915–1917 | One aircraft was donated to the Australian Central Flying School in 1915. |
| Bristol Boxkite | Boxkite | United Kingdom | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1912–1918 | Two aircraft |
| Bristol Scout | Scout D | United Kingdom | Single-seat trainer biplane | 1916–1926 | One ex-Royal Naval Air Service aircraft |
| Caudron G.3 | G.3 | France | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1916–1918 | One aircraft |
| Deperdussin Type A | Type A | France | Single-seat trainer aircraft | 1913–1914 | Two aircraft |
| Grahame-White Type XV Boxkite | Type XV Boxkite | United Kingdom | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1916–1918 | Two aircraft |
| Maurice Farman Seaplane | Seaplane | France | Two-seat seaplane | 1914–1917 | One aircraft |
| [Maurice Farman MF.7|Maurice Farman MF.No. 7 Squadron RAAF|7 Longhorn] | MF.7 Shorthorn | France | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1916–1917 | One aircraft |
| Maurice Farman MF.11 Shorthorn | MF.11 Shorthorn | France | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1917–1919 | Four aircraft |
| Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 | B.E.2a, B.E.2b | United Kingdom | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1912–1920 | Three aircraft |
| Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 | F.E.2b | United Kingdom | Two-seat trainer biplane | 1917–1920 | One aircraft was donated to the Australian Central Flying School in 1917. |
| Sopwith Pup | Pup | United Kingdom | Single-seat fighter trainer biplane | 1919–1920 | 12 aircraft |
| Aircraft type | Variant | Origin | Role | Service period | Notes |
| Airco DH.1 | DH.1a | United Kingdom | Two-seat fighter scout biplane | 1916 | One aircraft. Operated by No. 1 Squadron |
| Airco DH.5 | DH.5 | United Kingdom | Single-seat fighter scout biplane | 1917-? | 68 aircraft. Operated by No. 2 Squadron and No. 6 (Training) Squadron |
| Airco DH.6 | DH.6 | United Kingdom | Two-seat primary trainer biplane | 1917–1918 | 68 aircraft. Operated by No. No. 5 (Training) Squadron and No. 7 (Training) Squadron |
| Armstrong Whitworth F.K.3 Little Ark | F.K.3 | United Kingdom | Two-seat trainer, obsolete reconnaissance, light bomber biplane | 1917 only | Operated by No. 3 squadron |
| Avro 504 | 504A504J504K | United Kingdom | Two-seat elementary trainer biplane | 1917–1919 | Operated by Nos 5, 6, 7 and 8 Training Squadrons |
| Bristol F.2 Fighter | F.2B Fighter | United Kingdom | Two-seat reconnaissance, fighter biplane | 1916–1918 | 676 aircraft. Operated by No. 1 Squadron, No. 3 Squadron and No. 7 (Training) Squadron. |
| Bristol Scout | Scout CScout D | United Kingdom | Single-seat fighter scout, reconnaissance, trainer biplane | 1916-? | Ten aircraft. Operated by No. 1 Squadron and No. 6 (Training) Squadron |
| Caudron G.3 | G.3 | France | Two-seat reconnaissance biplane | 1915 only | Two aircraft. Operated by the Mesopotamian Half Flight |
| Curtiss JN-4 Jenny | JN-4 Jenny | United States | Two-seat primary trainer biplane | 1917-? | |
| Handley Page 0/400 | 0/400 | United Kingdom | Three-seat twin-engine heavy bomber biplane | 1918 only | One aircraft. Operated by No. 1 Squadron in Palestine. |
| Martinsyde S.1 Scout | S.1 Scout | United Kingdom | Single-seat, reconnaissance, scout biplane | 1915–1916 | Four aircraft. Operated by the Mesopotamian Half Flight |
| Martinsyde Elephant | G.100 ElephantG.102 Elephant | United Kingdom | Single-seat bomber, reconnaissance, obsolete fighter scout biplane | 1916–1918 | Operated by No. 1 Squadron in Egypt and Palestine. |
| Maurice Farman MF.7 Longhorn | MF.7 Longhorn | France | Two-seat reconnaissance biplane | 1915 only | One aircraft. Operated by the Mesopotamian Half Flight |
| Maurice Farman MF.11 Shorthorn | MF.11 Shorthorn | France | Two-seat trainer, obsolete reconnaissance, light bomber biplane | 1915–1916 | 23 aircraft. Operated by No. 5 (Training) Squadron and the Mesopotamian Half Flight |
| Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 | B.E.2cB.E.2e | United Kingdom | Two-seat reconnaissance, artillery spotter, light bomber, trainer biplane | 1915–1918 | 38 aircraft. Operated by No. 1 Squadron in Egypt and Palestine, No. 7 (Training) Squadron in the United Kingdom, plus the Mesopotamian Half Flight. |
| Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12 | B.E.12B.E.12a | United Kingdom | Single-seat reconnaissance, light bomber, obsolete fighter biplane | ?-1919 | Nine aircraft. Operated by No. 1 Squadron in Palestine. |
| Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 | R.E.8 | United Kingdom | Two-seat reconnaissance, artillery observation, light bomber biplane | 1917–1919 | Operated by No. 1 Squadron, No. 3 squadron and No. 7 (Training) Squadron |
| Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 | SE.5A | United Kingdom | single-seat fighter scout biplane | 1917–1919 | 158 aircraft. Operated by No. 2 Squadron in France, No.5 (Training) Squadron and No. 6 (Training) Squadron in the United Kingdom. |
| Sopwith Buffalo | 3F.1 Buffalo | United Kingdom | Two-seat armoured fighter, reconnaissance biplane | 1918 | One aircraft. Operated by No. 4 Squadron for test and trials. |
| Sopwith Camel | 1F.1 Camel | United Kingdom | Single-seat fighter scout biplane | 1917–1919 | 186 aircraft. Operated by No. 4 Squadron in France, No. 5 (Training ) Squadron, No. 6 (Training) Squadron and No. 8 (Training) Squadron in the United Kingdom. |
| Sopwith Pup | Pup | United Kingdom | Single-seat trainer, obsolete fighter-scout biplane | 1917–1919 | 27 aircraft. Operated by Nos 5, 6 and 8 Training Squadrons in the United kingdom. |
| Sopwith Snipe | 7F.1 Snape | United Kingdom | Single-seat fighter-scout biplane | 1919 only | 68 aircraft. Operated by No. 4 Squadron in France, No. 6 (Training) Squadron and No. 8 (Training) Squadron in the United Kingdom. |
| Sopwith 1½ Strutter | | United Kingdom | trainer, obsolete fighter and reconnaissance biplane | 1916–1918 | Nine aircraft. Operated by No. 6 (Training ) Squadron in the United Kingdom. |