List of Jewish ghettos in Europe during World War II
During World War II the Nazis created Jewish ghettos established by [Nazi Germany |Jewish ghettos] for the purpose of isolating, exploiting and finally eradicating Jewish population on territories they controlled.
Most of the ghettos were set up by the Third Reich in the course of World War II.
In total, according to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum archives, "The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in Occupation of [Poland (1939–1945) |German-occupied and annexed Poland] and the Soviet Union alone."
Therefore, the examples are intended only to illustrate their scope across Eastern and Western Europe.
In Europe
Large Nazi ghettos in which Jews were confined existed across the continent.These ghettos were liquidated as Holocaust transports delivered their helpless victims to concentration and extermination camps built by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland.
German-occupied Poland
Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, the new ghetto system had been imposed by Nazi Germany roughly between October 1939 and July 1942 in order to confine Poland's Jewish population of 3.5 million for the purpose of persecution, terror, and exploitation.The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe, with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of, or 7.2 persons per room.
The Łódź Ghetto was the second largest, holding about 160,000 inmates.
A more complete list of over 270 ghettos with an approximate number of prisoners, dates of creation and liquidation, as well as known deportation routes to extermination camps, is available at Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland.
Below, selected Nazi German designations are listed.
- Baranowicz Ghetto, today Belarus
- Będzin Ghetto, site of Będzin Ghetto Uprising
- Białystok Ghetto, site of Białystok Ghetto uprising
- Borshchiv Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Brześć (Brest-Litovsk) Ghetto, today Belarus
- Buczacz Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Brody Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Częstochowa Ghetto, site of Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
- Czortków Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Drohobycz Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Grodno Ghetto, today Belarus
- Izbica Ghetto
- Kielce Ghetto
- Kolomyja Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Kostopol Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Kraków (Krakau) Ghetto
- Łachwa Ghetto, site of Łachwa Ghetto uprising, today Belarus
- Lida Ghetto, today Belarus
- Łódź (Litzmannstadt) Ghetto
- Łomża Ghetto
- Lubartów Ghetto
- Lublin Ghetto
- Łuck Ghetto, site of Łuck Ghetto uprising and massacre, today Ukraine
- Lwów (Lemberg) Ghetto, site of Lviv pogroms, today Ukraine
- Marcinkance (Marcinkonys) Ghetto, today Lithuania
- Międzyrzec Podlaski (Mezritsh) Ghetto
- Mińsk Mazowiecki (Novominsk) Ghetto
- Mizocz Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Nowogródek (Navahrudak) Ghetto, today Belarus
- Nowy Sącz Ghetto
- Olyka Ghetto
- Opatów Ghetto in Opatów
- Pińsk (Pinsk) Ghetto, today Belarus
- Piotrków Trybunalski (Petrikau) Ghetto
- Przemyśl Ghetto
- Radom Ghetto
- Rakaŭ Ghetto, today Belarus
- Równe Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Sambor Ghetto, see rescue by Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary, today Ukraine
- Siedlce Ghetto, see the November 1942 massacre at Gęsi Borek
- Słonim Ghetto, site of Słonim Ghetto uprising, today Belarus
- Sosnowiec (Sosnowitz) Ghetto, site of Sosnowiec Ghetto uprising
- Stanisławów (Stanislau) Ghetto, site of Bloody Sunday massacre, today Ukraine
- Stryj Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Tarnopol Ghetto with satellite labour camps, today Ukraine
- Tarnów Ghetto
- Trochenbrod (Zofiówka) Ghetto, today Ukraine
- Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius) Ghetto, site of Ponary massacre, today Lithuania
- Warsaw (Warschau) Ghetto, site of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
- Zdzięcioł (Djatlowo) Ghetto, site of Dzyatlava massacre
Other countries and occupied territories
- Annopol Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Bobruisk Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Baia Mare Ghetto, Hungary
- Borisov Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Berdichev Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Berezdov Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Bershad (Berșad) Ghetto, Romania
- Bytom (Beuthen) Ghetto, pre-war Germany
- Bistrița Ghetto, Hungary
- Bobrynets Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Budapest Ghetto, Hungary
- Cehei Ghetto, Hungary
- Cherkasy Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Chernihiv Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Chernivtsi (Cernăuți) Ghetto, Romania
- Chișinău Ghetto, Romania
- Cluj (Kolozsvár) Ghetto, Hungary
- Daugavpils (Dvinsk) Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Debrecen Ghetto, Hungary
- Dej Ghetto, Hungary
- Donetsk Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Feodosia Ghetto, Crimean General Government
- Gomel Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Gorodok Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Kaluga Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Kaposvár Ghetto, Hungary
- Karlovac Ghetto, Croatia
- Kovno (Kaunas) Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Kharkiv Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Kherson Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Klimovo Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Klimavichy Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Klintsy Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Kobeliaky Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Košice Ghetto, Hungary
- Liepāja Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Mátészalka Ghetto, Hungary
- Mazyr Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Minsk Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Miskolc Ghetto, Hungary
- Mogilev Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Moghilău) Ghetto, Romania
- Monastir Ghetto, Bulgaria
- Munkács Ghetto, Hungary
- Nyíregyháza Ghetto, Hungary
- Odesa Ghetto, Romania
- Oleksandrivka Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine, first liquidation in March 1942 was where the Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph was taken.
- Olyka Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Oradea Ghetto, Hungary
- Orsha Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Pochep Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Polotsk Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Proskurov Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Pruzhany Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Pryluky Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Pskov Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Reghin Ghetto, Hungary
- Riga Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Salonika Ghetto, German occupation zone in Greece
- Satu Mare Ghetto, Hungary
- Sfântu Gheorghe Ghetto Hungary,
- Shepetivka Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Shumyachi Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Šiauliai Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Sighet Ghetto, Hungary
- Skvyra Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Slavuta Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Slutsk Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Smolensk Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Snovsk Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Starodub Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Stolin Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Švenčionys Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Svislach Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Szeged Ghetto, Hungary
- Székesfehérvár Ghetto, Hungary
- Szombathely Ghetto, Hungary
- Tarashcha Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Telšiai Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Theresienstadt Ghetto, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
- Uman Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Uzhgorod Ghetto, Hungary
- Vinnytsia Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Vitebsk Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Žagarė Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Zagreb Ghetto, Croatia
- Yevpatoria Ghetto, Crimean General Government
- Zhitomir Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Zlatopil Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Zlynka Ghetto, Military Administration in the Soviet Union
- Zvenyhorodka Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
Ghettos outside Europe
- Shanghai Ghetto Japanese forced 16,000 Jews into a one square mile ghetto, where they were often the victims of air raids by the U.S.' 7th Air Force, and often had no running water, no bathroom, heavy rations, and it was not uncommon for 30-40 people to sleep in the same room.