List of Gulag camps


The list below, enumerates the selected sites of the Soviet forced labor camps of the Gulag, known in Russian as the "corrective labor camps", abbreviation: ITL. Most of them served mining, construction, and timber works. It is estimated that for most of its existence, the Gulag system consisted of over 30,000 camps, divided into three categories according to the number of prisoners held. The largest camps consisted of more than 25,000 prisoners each, medium size camps held from 5,000 to 25,000 inmates, and the smallest, but most numerous labor camps operated with less than 5,000 people each. Even this incomplete list can give a fair idea of the scale of forced labor in the USSR.
A list of Gulag penal labor camps in the USSR was created in Poland from the personal accounts of labor camp detainees of Polish citizenship. It was compiled by the government of Poland for the purpose of regulation and future financial compensation for World War II victims, and published in a decree of the Council of Ministers of Poland.

Camp system operation

There were a number of particular categories of convicts that were imprisoned there including:
  1. Any person convicted to a term of imprisonment of more than three years.
  2. Opponents of the Soviet rule. Initially these were dubbed "class enemies". Later, when the full victory of the Revolution was declared and there were supposedly no more "class enemies" left, a more flexible term of the enemy of the people was introduced, as well as an infamous Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code) that covered "counter-revolutionary activities".
  3. Soviet combatants returned from captivity. As a rule they were held liable under Article 58.
The prisoners of war were generally imprisoned in special POW camps, which existed independently from the network of corrective labor camps, and were subordinated to a separate administrative apparatus within the NKVD called GUPVI. However, a fair number of POWs ended up in the regular camp system eventually. Unlike Gulag camps, located primarily in remote areas, most of the POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union, where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads, railways, plants, etc., see POW labor in the Soviet Union. Polish citizens and members of other nationalities who were imprisoned at the Soviet forced labour camps during World War II worked also for the Soviet Army, digging trenches, employed in lumber and cement works, airport runway construction, and unloading of transport goods.

Main camp directorates with acronyms

GULAG

  • GULAG: "Glavnoe Upravlenie Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey", or The Chief Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps
  • BAMLag: Directorate of BAM camps
  • Belbaltlag: Directorate of White Sea–Baltic Canal camps, refer to previously mentioned BBK
  • GUAS: "Glavnoe Upravleniye Aerodromnogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of airport construction
  • GULGMP: "Glavnoe Upravleniye Lagerey Gorno-Metallurgicheskoy Predpriyatiy", Chief Directorate of Camps in Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises
  • GULLP: "GUL Lesnoy Promyshlennosti", Chief Directorate of Camps in Forest Industry
  • GULTP: "GUL Tyazholoy Promyshlennosti", Chief Directorate of Camps in Heavy Industry
  • GULGTS: "GUL Gidrotekhnicheskogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of Hydroelectric CW
  • GULPS: "GUL Upraveleniye Promyshlennogo stroitel'stva", Chief Directorate of Industrial CW
  • GULZhDS: "GUL Zheleznodorozhnogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of Railway CW
  • GUSHOSDOR, GULShosDor, GULShDOR: "GUL Shosseynykh dorog", Chief Directorate of Camps in Highway CW
  • Sevvostlag or SVITL : Directorate of North-Eastern Camps, until 1939 was an independent system of labor camps outside of the main administration of camps, GULAG.
  • USLON: "Upravlenie Severnykh Lagerey Osobogo Naznacheniya", Directorate of Northern Special Purpose Camps
  • * USKMITL: "Upravlenie Solovetskogo and Karelo-Murmanskikh ITL", Directorate of Solovki and Karelia–Murmansk Camps
  • * SLON: "Solovetski Lager Osobogo Naznachenia", Solovki Special Purpose Camp
  • KhOZU: "Khozyaystvennoe upravlenie MVD", Economic Directorate of the MVD
  • UITLK: "Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey i Koloniy", Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies
  • USVITL: "Upravleniye Severo-Vostochnykh Ispravitelʹno-trudovykh Lagerey", Directorate of Northeast Corrective Labor Camps

Construction works

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
  • Alluvaysky CS and ITL
  • Yensky CS and ITL
  • Matkozensky CS and ITL
  • Yanstroy ITL of Dalstroy
  • ITL of the Administration of Paved Roads of Dalstroy

A

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
  • Archpierpunkt
  • Atbasarski ITL

B

  • Baikal-Amur ITL, Baikal–Amur Mainline ITLs
  • Bakalsky ITL
  • Bakovsky ITL
  • Balaganskoe LO
  • Balakhninsky ITL
  • Baleysky ITL
  • Barashevsky ITL and GULAG industrial complex
  • Baydarsky ITL
  • Belogorsky ITL
  • Belomorstroy and ITL
  • Belorechensky ITL
  • Beregovoy Camp
  • Bereznikovsky ITL
  • Beskudnikovskoe Special LO
  • Bezymyansky ITL
  • Birsky ITL
  • Bodaybinsky ITL
  • Bogoslovsky ITL and construction of aluminum plant
  • Borsky ITL
  • Bratsky ITL and Taishet construction
  • Buchenwald called Special camp No 2 of the NKVD. Part of the GULAG from 1948 to 1950; transferred to GDR control by Kruglov.
  • Bukachachinsky ITL
  • Bureinsky ITL, concentrating on BAM construction; merged into Nizhne-Amursky ITL in 1942
  • Butugychag, Uranium mine and Special ITL, headed by Dalstroy, later, at closing, Sevvostlag. Coordinates: 61 18'05.65" N 149 02'53.34" E
Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps, and the Russian Карта ГУЛАГа – Мемориал
  • Bakalsky ITL
  • Bakovsky ITL
  • Baleysky ITL
  • Balachlag
  • Barashevsky ITL and Industrial Complex of GULAG
  • Baydarsky ITL
  • Bazhenovsky ITL
  • Belokorovichsky camp of the OITK NKVD of BSSR
  • Beregovoy Camp
  • Berezovsky ITL
  • Berezovsky ITL
  • Berezovsky ITL of Northern directorate of GULZhDS
  • Bezymyansky ITL
  • Bobrovskoe LO
  • Borsky ITL
  • Burepolomsky ITL

C

  • Central Asian ITL
  • Chapayevsky ITL
  • Chaunsky ITL of Dalstroy
  • Chaun-Chukotsky ITL of Dalstroy
  • Cheboksarsky ITL
  • Chelyabinsky ITL
  • Cherepovetsky ITL
  • Chernogorsky ITL
  • Chernogorsky Special ITL
  • Chernoistochinsky ITL
  • Chukotsky ITL of Dalstroy
  • Construction and Operations Directorate 11 and ITL
  • Construction 6 and ITL
  • Construction 16 and ITL
  • Construction 18 and ITL
  • Construction 90 and ITL
  • Construction 105 and ITL
  • Construction 106 and ITL
  • Construction 108 and ITL
  • Construction 159 and ITL
  • Construction 200 and Luzhsky ITL
  • Construction 201 and ITL
  • Construction 210 and ITL
  • Construction 211 and ITL
  • Construction 213 and ITL
  • Construction 247 and ITL
  • Construction 258 and ITL
  • Construction 263 and ITL
  • Construction 304 and ITL
  • Construction 313 and ITL
  • Construction 352 and ITL
  • Construction 384 and ITL
  • Construction 442 and ITL
  • Construction 447 and ITL
  • Construction 462 and ITL
  • Construction 496 and ITL
  • Construction 500
  • Construction 505 and ITL GULZhDS
  • Construction 505 and ITL GULPS
  • Construction 506 and ITL
  • Construction 507 and ITL
  • Construction 508 and ITL
  • Construction 509 and ITL
  • Construction 510 and ITL
  • Construction 511 and ITL
  • Construction 513 and ITL
  • Construction 514 and ITL
  • Construction 514 and ITL GULZhDS
  • Construction 560 and ITL
  • Construction 565 and ITL
  • Construction 585 and ITL
  • Construction 600 and ITL
  • Construction 601 and ITL
  • Construction 612 and ITL
  • Construction 620 and ITL
  • Construction 621 and ITL
  • Construction 665 and ITL
  • Construction 713 and ITL
  • Construction 730 and ITL
  • Construction 770 and ITL
  • Construction 790 and ITL
  • Construction 791 and ITL
  • Construction 833 and ITL
  • Construction 865 and ITL
  • Construction 880 and ITL
  • Construction 881 and ITL
  • Construction 882 and ITL
  • Construction 896 and ITL
  • Construction 904 and ITL
  • Construction 907 and ITL
  • Construction 915 and ITL
  • Construction 940 and ITL
  • Construction 994 and ITL
  • Construction 1001 and ITL
  • Construction 1418 and ITL
  • Construction GUShOSDORA MVD No. 1 – No. 8 and ITL
  • Construction GUShOSDORA MVD No. 17 and ITL
  • Construction GUShOSDORA MVD No. 19 and ITL
  • Construction GUShOSDORA NKVD No. 1 – No. 4 and ITL
Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
  • Chistyungsky health camp

D

E

  • Eastern Administration of Lead Mining and ITL of Yeniseistroy
  • Eastern ITL in construction 500
  • Eastern railway ITL
  • Eastern Urals ITL

F

  • Far East ITL

G

I

  • Ilimsky Special ITL
  • Indigirsky ITL of Dalstroy
  • Intinsky ITL
  • Inza- Syzran ITL
  • ITL Aldan road construction authority of Dalstroy
  • ITL and 10th field construction NKVD
  • ITL and Bashkirian Petroleum Plant construction No. 1 – No. 4
  • ITL and Tatarstan Petroleum Plant construction No. 1 & No. 2
  • ITL and "V-1" construction
  • ITL and aerodrome construction
  • ITL and Arkhangelsk TsBK construction
  • ITL and Borovichevskoy GES construction
  • ITL and Buyskikh GES construction
  • ITL and construction of Aktovrakskogo industrial complex
  • ITL and construction of coal mine No. 4 of the Karaganda region
  • ITL and construction of Gulag in Dmitrov District
  • ITL and construction of Gulag in Khimki District
  • ITL and construction of industrial complex No. 7
  • ITL and construction of iron ore mine
  • ITL and construction of Kazan oil refining plant
  • ITL and construction of Krasnoyarsk–Yeniseisk railway
  • ITL and construction of Mstinskikh GES
  • ITL and construction of NKV plant No. 8
  • ITL and construction of special district
  • ITL and construction of Stalinist pumping stations
  • ITL and construction of state farms and silos
  • ITL and construction of southeast harbor
  • ITL and construction of special region
  • ITL and construction of Transcaucasian metallurgical plant
  • ITL and construction of upper Ob hydroelectric plant
  • ITL and construction of upper Samgorsky irrigation system, Tbilisi
  • ITL and construction of Vladimirskoy GES
  • ITL and construction of Volga-Don waterway
  • ITL "Apatit" industrial complex
  • ITL "ASh"
  • ITL Berelekhskaya District Directorate geological exploration of Dalstroy
  • ITL Board of Dalstroy
  • ITL "BZh"
  • ITL Chelyametallurgstroy
  • ITL for construction of iron mines
  • ITL for construction of mining and metallurgical enterprises
  • ITL for construction of Solikamsk TsBK
  • ITL for construction of Usolsky mining equipment plant
  • ITL Dalstroy Roads Board
  • ITL Dmitrov mechanical plant
  • ITL "DS" of Yeniseistroy
  • ITL "DT"
  • ITL "DYu"
  • ITL "EL"
  • ITL "EM"
  • ITL "EN"
  • ITL "EO"
  • ITL "EShch"
  • ITL "GA"
  • ITL "GB"
  • ITL "IN"
  • ITL industrial complex No. 6
  • ITL industrial complex No. 9
  • ITL industrial complex No. 11
  • ITL "KA"
  • ITL Kolyma-Indigirka river shipping of Dalstroy
  • ITL Motor Transport Dalstroy
  • ITL "NL"
  • ITL No. 17 GUShOSDOR
  • ITL Oboronstroe
  • ITL Omskstroy
  • ITL "Promzhilstroy" of Dalstroy
  • ITL refining plant No. 169
  • ITL special construction site No. 881
  • ITL Spetsstroy
  • ITL of special construction
  • ITL Uglich plant, bridge construction No. 4 GUShOSDOR
  • ITL Usolgidroles
  • ITL "VCh"
  • ITL Volgostroya
  • ITL Yanstroy of Dalstroy
  • ITL "Yeshch"
  • ITL "Yeya"
  • ITL "ZhK"
  • ITL "ZhR"
  • Ivdelsky ITL
Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
  • ITL and construction of Ore Mine
  • ITL and coal mine construction
  • ITL and the petroleum expedition
  • ITL at construction of Karagandastroy
  • ITL at construction board of ore mine directorate No. 10
  • ITL Belomorstroy
  • ITL Construction of Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises
  • ITL Construction of Southern Harbor
  • ITL Geological-Exploration Expedition
  • ITL Industrial and Housing Construction
  • ITL Iron Ore Mine Construction
  • ITL Krasnoyarsk Affiliation Institute
  • ITL of Yansky Mining and Industry Directorate
  • ITL of Directorate of Dalstroy Auxiliary Farms

K

L

  • Likovsky ITL and construction 204
  • LO at Voroshilov plant
  • LO at "Sacca and Vanzetti" sovkhoz
  • LO Central Hospital, Dalstroy
  • LO Lower Indigirka district exploration Dalstroy Directorate
  • Lobvinsky ITL
  • Lokchimsky ITL
  • Lower Amur ITL
  • Lower Don ITL
  • Lower Volga ITL
  • Lugovoy Camp
  • Luzhsky ITL and construction 200
  • Lysogorskoe LO

M

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
  • Magadansky ITL, Dalstroy
  • Mariysky ITL
  • Makarovskoe LO
  • Markovsky ITL
  • Martynovsky ITL
  • Matkozhnenskoe construction and ITL
  • Maykainskoe LO
  • Medvezhiegorsk health camp
  • Mekhrennsky ITL
  • Mineevskoe LO KhOZU MVD
  • Mineralny Camp
  • Minusinskoe LO SGU
  • Molotovsky ITL
  • Monchegorsky ITL and construction of "Severonikel" plant
  • Moskovsko-Ugolny ITL
  • Moskovsky Logging ITL
  • Mostovskoe LO

N

  • Niebitdaski ITŁ
  • Neftestroylag
  • Nemnyrsky ITL
  • Nerchinsky ITL
  • Nerchinskoe LO
  • Nikolayevsky ITL
  • Nizhegorodsky ITL
  • Norilsky ITL
  • Northern OGPU special purpose camps
  • North ITL Dalstroy
  • North Directorate ITL and construction 503
  • North Railway ITL
  • Novokimensky ITL
  • Novo-Tambovsky ITL
  • Nyrobsky ITL

O

  • Obsky ITL
  • Obsky ITL and construction 501
  • Olkhovsky health camp
  • OLP construction building No. 1 GULAG NKVD
  • Omsky ITL and construction 166
  • Omsukchansky ITL Dalstroy
  • Onezhsky ITL
  • Opoksky ITL
  • Orlovsky ITL, Orlovlag
  • Ostrovskoye LO
  • Ozerny/Ozyorny Camp

P

  • Paninskoe LO
  • Pavlovdarsky ITL
  • Pavlovskoe LO
  • Pechorsky ITL
  • Perevalny ITL
  • Peschany Camp
  • Podgorny ITL
  • Podlesnoe LO
  • Podolsky ITL
  • Polyansky ITL
  • Ponyshsky ITL
  • Prikaspisky ITL and construction 107
  • Primorsky ITL
  • Primorsky ITL Dalstroy
  • Primorsky railway ITL and construction 206
  • Primorsky district Dalstroy
  • Privolzhsky ITL
  • Prorvinsky ITL
  • Przełęczowy ITŁ
  • Pudozhgorsky ITL
  • Pudozhskoe LO

R

  • Raychikhinsky ITL
  • Rechnoy Camp
  • Rudbaykalstroy and ITL
  • Rybinsky ITL

S

Continued from the Russian Карта ГУЛАГа – Мемориал listing of NKVD camps, and the Polish Dziennik Ustaw listing of camps.
  • Sakhalinsky ITL
  • Samarsky ITL and Kuibyshev hydrosystem construction
  • Saransky ITL and construction GULZhDS
  • Saratovsky ITL
  • Saratovsky ITL
  • Sarovsky ITL
  • Sarovsky special quarantine camp OGPU
  • Segezhsky ITL
  • Selenginsky ITL
  • Severo-Dvinsky ITL
  • Severo-Kuzbassky ITL
  • Severo-Pechorsky
  • Severo-Vostochny ITL
  • Severo-Uralsky ITL
  • Shakhtinsky ITL
  • Shchugorsky ITL
  • Sheksninsky ITL GULGTS
  • Sheksninsky ITL MVD
  • Shirokovsky ITL
  • Shosdorlag
  • Shozhemsky ITL
  • Sibirsky ITL
  • Solikamsky health camp
  • Solikamsky ITL
  • Solovetsky ITL OGPU
  • Soroksky ITL
  • Sosnovsky ITL
  • South Kuzbass ITL
  • Southern ITL
  • Southern ITL at construction 505 GULZhDS ; one of a few Gulag camps outside the Soviet Union
  • Southeastern ITL
  • Southwest ITL Dalstroy
  • Southwest Mining Department and ITL of Yeniseystroy
  • Sredne-Belsky ITL
  • Stalingradsky ITL
  • Staroselskoe LO
  • Stepnoy Camp
  • Stepnovskoe LO
  • Sukhodolskoe LO
  • Sukhanovo
  • Svirsky ITL
  • Sviyazhskoe LO
  • Svobodnensky ITL
  • Syzransky ITL

T

  • Tagilsky ITL
  • Taiga ITL
  • Taiga Mining Authority and ITL Yeniseystroy Directorate
  • Takhtamygdinskoe LO
  • Taseevsky ITL
  • Tavdinsky ITL
  • Tayshetsky ITL GULAG
  • Tayshetsky ITL GULZhDS
  • Tayshetsky ITL UITLK UNKVD in Irkutsk region
  • Temnikovsky ITL
  • Tenkinsky ITL Dalstroy
  • Tikhvin ITL
  • Togulym
  • Tomsky ITL
  • Tomsko-Asinsky ITL, subcamp of in Asino
  • Transit LO Dalstroy
  • Tsimlyansky ITL
  • Tugachinsky ITL
  • Tuimsky Mining Authority and ITL of Yeniseystroy
  • Tuymazinsky ITL
  • Tyrnov-Auzsky plant and ITL

U

  • Ukhtinsko–Pechorsky ITL
  • Ukhta expedition OGPU
  • Ukhto–Izhemsky ITL
  • Ulenskoe Mining Authority and ITL
  • Ulminsky ITL
  • Umaltinsky ITL
  • Unzhensky ITL
  • Upper Izhma ITL
  • Uralsky ITL
  • Urgalsky ITL and construction GULZhDS
  • Usolsky ITL
  • Usolsky ITL SGU
  • Ust-Borovsky ITL
  • Ust-Kutsky ITL and Dalstoy transshipment base
  • Ust-Kutskoe LO
  • Ust-Vymsky ITL OGPU
  • Ustvymsky ITL

V

W

Y

  • Yagrinsky ITL and construction 203
  • Yansky Construction ITL
  • Yansky ITL of Dalstroy
  • Yansky Mining Directorate and ITL of Dalstroy
  • Yeniseysky ITL SGU
  • Yeniseysky ITL
  • Yeniseysky ITL and construction 503
  • Yenskoe construction and ITL
  • Yermakovskoye LO
  • Yugorsky ITL and construction 300

Z

Continued from the Polish complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
  • Zaimandrovsky ITL
  • Zapadny ITL
  • Zapadny railway ITL
  • Zapolyarny ITL and construction 301
  • Zapolyarny ITL and construction 503
  • Zhigalovskoe LO