List of French forts in North America


This is a list of forts in New France built by the French government or French chartered companies in what later became Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States. They range from large European-type citadels like at Quebec City to tiny fur-trade posts.

Canada

The French forts in Canada were located from the Atlantic Ocean to as far west as the confluence of the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, and as far north as James Bay. Built between the 1640s and the 1750s, a few were captured from rival British fur trading companies like Hudson's Bay Company. The forts were located on waterways to provide transport of fur back east to Montreal or Quebec City. A few have survived or been re-built, but most are ruins or simply disappeared after abandonment.
NameDate constructed LocationProvinceImage
Fort Anne1636Annapolis Royal
Fort Anticosti1681Anticosti Island
Fort Bas de la Rivière1750Fort Alexander
Fort Boishébert1749Grand Bay
Fort Beauséjour1751Aulac
Fort Bourbon 1741Grand Rapids
Fort Bourbon 1697York Factory
Camp d'ésperance1756Beaubears Island
Fort Charlesbourg Royal1541–1543Quebec City
Fort Chambly1665Chambly
Citadelle of Quebec1693Quebec City
Citadelle of Montreal1690–1821Montreal
Fort Dauphin1741Winnipegosis
Fort de l'Isle aux Noix1759Île aux Noix
Fort de la Corne1753Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest
Fort de la Montagne1685Montreal
Fort Douville1720Toronto
Fort Dumoine1730Rapides-des-Joachims
Fort du Moulin1749Trois-Rivières
Fort du Sault Saint-Louis1725Kahnawake
Fort Esquimaux Baie1743North West River
Fort Fronsec1648Miramichi
Fort Frontenac1673Kingston
Fort Gaspareaux1751Strait Shores
Fort Jemseg1659Jemseg
Fort Jacques-Cartier1759Cap-Santé
Fort Kaministiquia1717Thunder Bay
Fort Lachine1669–1695Montréal
Fort Laprairie1687La Prairie
Fort La Reine1738Portage la Prairie
Fort La Jonquière1751Saskatchewan River Forks
Fort Longueuil1690Longueuil
Fort La Tour1631Saint John
Fortress of Louisbourg1719Louisbourg
Fort Maurepas (Red River)1733Selkirk
Fort Maurepas (Winnipeg River)1739Powerview-Pine Falls
Fort Menagoueche1751Saint John
Fort Nashwaak1691–1692Fredericton
Fort Paskoya1741The Pas
Fort Plaisance1662Placentia
Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles1670Montréal
Fort Pontchartrain1704Blanc-Sablon
Port-Royal Habitation1605Annapolis Royal
Habitation Of Quebec1608Quebec City
Fort Richelieu1641Sorel-Tracy
Fort Richibouctou1682Richibucto
Fort Rouge1738Winnipeg
Fort Rouillé1750Toronto
Fort Royal (Newfoundland)1687Placentia
Fort Sainte Anne 1670 Fort Albany
Fort Sainte Anne1629–1641Englishtown-
Fort Saint-François1660Trois-Rivières
Fort Saint Jacques1686–1693 and 1697–1713Waskaganish
Fort Saint-Jeanc1748Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Fort Saint Louis (Newfoundland)1690–1713Placentia
Fort Saint Louis (Guysborough)1634–1683Guysborough
Fort St. Louis1620–1834Quebec City
Fort St. Louis (Shelburne)1623–1930Cape Sable Island
Fort Ste. Marie (Ontario)1639Midland
Fort Ste. Marie (Nova Scotia)1632LaHave
Fort St. Louis1670s Moose Factory
Fort St. Pierre (St. Peter's)1630St. Peter's
Fort St. Pierre1731Fort Frances
Fort Sainte Thérèse1665Carignan
Fort Senneville1671Montreal
Fort Shédiac1671Shediac
Fort Témiscamingue1679Ville-Marie
Tadoussac Trading Post1600Tadoussac
Fort Toronto1750Toronto
Fort Tourette1683Lake Nipigon
Fort Trois-Rivières1634–1638Trois-Rivières
Fort Ville-Marie1642–1688Montreal
Port-la-Joye1720Charlottetown

United States

The French forts built in what is now the United States, were part of a series of forts built from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi delta; as far west as Kansas, as far east as Maine.
NameDate constructed c.LocationStateImage
Arkansas Post1686Arkansas CountyArkansas