List of lichens of Soldiers Delight


Lichens of Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area, a nature reserve located in Baltimore County, Maryland.

The Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area

The Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area is an environmentally sensitive area consisting of of land, and a visitor center, that is owned by the state of Maryland and managed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. The land consists of both serpentine barren and upland forest habitats.
Chromite was mined at Soldiers Delight NEA until 1860 by Isaac Tyson, and some of the old mine shafts are still present. Four marked trails transverse the area and are a favorite hiking place for both humans and dogs.
The most distinctive feature about Soldiers Delight NEA is the number of rare and endangered plants that occur on the serpentine barrens, including some of the wildflowers of Soldiers Delight. These endangered species include the sandplain gerardia, serpentine aster, flameflower, and fringed gentian.

Lichenology at Soldiers Delight NEA

Lichenology began at the Soldiers Delight NEA in 1976, when Allen C. Skorepa, Arnold Norden, and Donald Windler were awarded a grant from the Power Plant Siting Program of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources to survey the lichens of Maryland. They surveyed the lichens from many areas throughout the state; one of which was Soldiers Delight. In 1977, they published their results and reported one location for each species of lichen that they identified. Thus, while they may have collected a particular species from numerous places they documented only one. So while they found numerous species of lichens at Soldiers Delight, only a few got recorded in their publication.
Dr. Elmer G. Worthley of Baltimore County also had an interest in lichens and collected throughout Maryland and New England, but the Soldiers Delight Area was one of his favorite places.
All of the lichens collected by Skorepa, Norden, and Windler were deposited in the herbarium at Towson University, Baltimore, Maryland. And all of the lichens in Elmer Worthley's herbarium were sent to the Lichen Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden in 2001.

Lichen reference acronyms

The following list of lichen species found at Soldiers Delight is based upon these three sources, with acronyms used below:
  • 1977 publication by Skorepa, Norden and Windler '
  • the species of lichens from Soldiers Delight in Elmer Worthley's personal herbarium '
  • Ed Uebel's observations ''''''

Listings

Growing on a boulder along west side of Deer Park Road; N 39o24.909' W 076o50.171' Google Map
Growing on serpentine rock.
  • Anaptychia palmulata
Growing on bark at the base of a white oak in a woodland on the western side of Deer Park Road, south of the Visitor Center Entrance. N 39o24.576' W 076o50.152' Google Map U-589
Growing on a boulder along the edge of the woodland on the western side of the power line clearing uphill from Locust Run; Elevation ; N 39o24.218' W 076o50.582' Google Map
  • Bacidia schweinitzii
Collected and identified by EGW; on Fraxinus americana about above the ground. L-453
Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrops in open field. L-125
  • Caloplaca citrina
Collected and identified by EGW; near the MD Historical Marker at the Overlook, on rocks at top of slope with Placynthium nigrum. L-535
Growing on mortar on the wall of Red Dog Lodge; N 39o24.600' W 076o50.419' Google Map
Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrop in open field.
Growing on cement at the base of light pole in front of the Visitor Center; N 39o24.609' W 076o50.325' Google Map
Growing on a big rock near the metal gate under the BG&E high power lines at Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.141' W 076o50.487' Google Map
Growing on a small stone about north of the Overlook Parking Area on Deer Park Road; N 39o24.880' W 076o50.152' Google Map
  • Caloplaca lobulata LH-22
  • Caloplaca sideritis
Collected by Elmer Worthley, identified by Dr. Allen Skorepa; growing on rock outcrop in full sun. LH-21
Collected and identified by EGW; on bark of Acer rubrum in woods opposite the Overlook. L-459
Growing on bark of red maple along the Orange Trail east of the intersection of the Orange-Red-Yellow Trails; N 39o24.732' W 076o49.658' Google Map
Collected by A. Norden and B. Norden, along Dolfield Road, on rock in full sun. L-464
Collected and identified by EGW, along Dolfield Road, on rock outcrops in open field. L-644
Collected by Elmer Worthley, identified by Allen C. Skorepa, on serpentine rocks in open field. L-594
Growing on a boulder on the west side of Deer Park Road near the Overlook Parking Area; N 39o24.892' W 076o50.161' Google Map
  • Catapyrenium cinereum
Collected and identified by EGW; on bare places among clumps of Andropogon scoparius and Aristida dichotoma L-572
Collected by Elmer Worthley and identified by Arnold Norden, on rock south side of Ward's Chapel Road. L-430
Growing on a large rock along west side of Deer Park Road north of the Overlook; N 39o24.888' W 076o50.156' Google Map
  • Cladonia apodocarp
    Collected and identified by EGW; on soil in open woods across from Overlook. L-5
Growing on soil near the intersection of Deer Park Road and the old gravel road leading to the Visitor Center. N 39o24.728' W 076o50.142' Google Map
Growing on soil in a field near the metal gate under the BG&E high power lines at Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.144' W 076o50.468' Google Map
Collected and identified by EGW; on soil under Pinus virginiana. L-96
Growing on soil south of Dolfield Road; N 39o24.110' W 076o49.374' Google Map
  • Cladonia atlantica
    On soil under pines.
  • Cladonia boryi
  • Cladonia caespiticia Flörke
    On very rotten wood in the woodland south of Dolfield Road; N 39o24.146' W 076o49.242' Google Map
  • Cladonia cariosa
    Collected and identified by Elmer Worthley; on rock outcrop in open field near Ward's Chapel Road. L-9
  • Cladonia caroliniana
    Growing on soil c. west of the picnic tables near Red Dog Lodge.
  • Cladonia chlorophaea
    Growing on rotting wood in open woods.
Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrop in open field near Ward's Chapel Road. L-22
  • Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
    Collected and identified by EGW; on sterile soil with Andropogon scoparius. LH-28
  • Cladonia coccifera
    Collected and identified by EGW; on soil under Quercus stellata. L-23
  • Cladonia coniocraea
    On a rock at a rock pile near a rusty tub along the Serpentine Trail ; N 39o24.483' W 076o51.031' Google Map
Growing on an old carpet in a woodland located at the SW corner of the Serpentine Trail; N 39o24.465' W 076o51.034' Google Map
Collected and identified by EGW; on soil around bases of Andropogon. LH-23
Growing about midway up the grassy hillside between the woodland and power lines near the Serpentine Trail ; N 39o24.686' W 076o50.492' Google Map
Collected and identified by EGW; on soil in woods opposite the Overlook. L-50
  • Cladonia grayi
    Growing at the base of a small tree stump close to the Serpentine Trail ; N 39o24.524' W 076o51.041' Google Map
  • Cladonia macilenta var. bacillaris
    Growing on trees in open woods.
  • Cladonia parasitica
    Growing on a dead limb on the ground. Down hill from the log cabin cellar near a stream.; N 39o24.340' W 076o50.303' Google Map U-601
  • Cladonia peziziformis
    Collected and identified by EGW; on soil under Pinus virginiana near the Overlook. L-62
Growing on top of a pile of asphalt near the beginning of the north section of the Red Trail; N 39o24.913' W 076o50.127' Google Map
Growing on soil along the wood edge on the eastern side of the power line clearing north of the Serpentine Trail; N 39o25.042' W 076o50.462' Google Map
Growing on an old piece of cotton cloth at the edge of a woodland west of Deer Park Road; N 39o24.439' W 076o50.085' Google Map
Growing along the gravel road between Deer Park Road and the Visitor Center; N 39o24.699' W 076o50.186' Google Map
Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrops in open field. LH-25
  • Cladonia subcariosa
    Syn.: Cladonia sobolescens
Syn.: Cladonia clavulifera
An extensive patch of this lichen can be found growing near the metal gate under the high voltage power lines along Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.130' W 076o50.487' Google Map
  • Cladonia subtenuis
Growing on soil under scrub pines.
Collected and identified by EGW; growing near Ward's Chapel Road under Virginia pine. L-583
Growing along the western section of the Dolfield Trail, about midway between the intersection of the Red-Orange-Yellow Trails and Dolfield Road; N 39o24.407' W 076o49.497' Google Map
Growing along the Serpentine Trail near a large pile of wood chips; N 39o24.611' W 076o50.620' Google Map
Growing on serpentine soil under pines.
Collected and identified by EGW; on soil of road bank. & L-423
Growing on a rock in a woodland near the trail behind the Visitor Center; N 39o24.542' W 076o50.370' Google Map
Growing on "lichen rock", in the woodland on the west side of the power line clearing between the White Trail and Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o24.970' W 076o50.526' Google Map
Growing on bark of a fallen oak limb along the Serpentine Trail east of the SW corner; N 39o24.477' W 076o51.005' Google Map
  • Hypocenomyce scalaris
    Collected and identified by A. Norden and B. Ball; on trunk of pine at edge of open field along Ward's Chapel Road. L-466
Collected by Elmer Worthley and identified by Arnold "Butch" Norden; at base of Pinus virginiana, from ground level up about l foot. Tree located about 100 yards downhill from Red Dog Lodge. L-467
  • Imshaugia aleurites
    Collected and identified by B. Ball and A. Norden; on scrub pines along Dolfield Road. L-262
Collected and identified by EGW; on bark of Pinus virginiana. L-266
Growing on bark of a Virginia pine near the intersection of the Red-Yellow-Orange Trails; N 39o24.728' W 076o49.753' Google Map
  • Imshaugia placorodia
    Collected and identified by A. Norden and B. Ball; on branches of scrub pines along Dolfield Road. L-268
Collected and identified by EGW; on branches of Virginia pine; often grows with Imshaugia aleurites and Ahtiana aurescens. L-269
Collected and identified by EGW; on bark of Pinus virginiana, opposite the Overlook. L-270
Growing on a pole-like stump of a dead Virginia pine sticking out into the trail north of Dolfield Road; N 39o24.242' W 076o49.338' Google Map
  • Lecanora caesiorubella
    Collected and identified by EGW; on bark of black oak about above ground; in oak-hickory woods. L-474
Collected by Elmer Worthley, identified by Arnold "Butch" Norden; on bark of dead Betula nigra about above ground. L-472
  • Lecanora expallens
    Collected identified by EGW; on decorticated stump of Juniperus virginiana. L-476
Collected and identified by EGW; on dead decorticated branch lying on the ground. L-478
  • Lecanora strobilina
    Growing on a fallen dead oak branch in the woodland north of Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.040' W 076o51.175' Google Map
  • Lecidella carpathica
    Growing on a boulder along the edge of the woodland on the western side of the power line clearing uphill from Locust Run; Elevation ; N 39o24.218' W 076o50.582' Google Map
  • Lecidella stigmatea
    Growing on a boulder along the edge of the woodland on the western side of the power line clearing uphill from Locust Run; Elevation ; N 39o24.218' W 076o50.582' Google Map
  • Lepraria lobificans
    Growing at the base of a Virginia pine near where the Serpentine Trail crosses a stream; N 39o24.483' W 076o51.031' Google Map
  • Lepraria neglecta
    Growing on a boulder marking the beginning of the north section of the Red Trail close to Deer Park Road; N 39o24.919' W 076o50.163' Google Map
  • Myelochroa aurulenta
    Collected and identified by EGW; associated with Lecanora caesiorubella, on bark of black oak about above ground, in oak-hickory woods. L-474
Growing at the base of a large oak tree along the gravel road in the section north of Ward's Chapel Road.
  • Parmelia sulcata
    Collected and identified by a botany student. L-293
  • Parmelinopsis minarum
    Collected and identified by EGW; on decorticated branch, just southwest of big pipe under Dolfield Road. L-299
  • Parmotrema hypotropum
    Growing on bark of a chestnut oak along the Orange Trail between the Orange-Red-Yellow Trail intersection and the Orange-Yellow Trail intersection; N 39o24.692' W 076o49.510' Google Map
Growing on a rock in the woodland east of the BG&E high voltage power lines north of the Serpentine Trail; N 39o24.896' W 076o50.447' Google Map
Growing on a large rock in the woodland west of the BG&E high voltage power lines north of the Serpentine Trail; N 39o24.970' W 076o50.526' Google Map
  • Pertusaria paratuberculilfera
    Growing on bark on the trunk of a fallen oak near Locust Run on the western side of the power lines; elevation ; N 39o24.142' W 076o50.351' Google Map U-632
  • Phaeophyscia pusilloides
    Growing on Ailanthus altissima near the old Chromite Mill foundation in the section north of Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.020' W 076o51.150' Google Map
  • Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
    Growing on bark of Ailanthus altissima near the old Chromite Mill foundation in the section north of Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.020' W 076o51.150' Google Map
  • Physcia adscendens
    Collected and identified by EGW; on marble of old grave stone, growing with Physconia detersa, Lecanora dispersa and Xanthomendoza fallax. L-145
  • Physcia aipolia
    Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrop. L-153
  • Physcia millegrana
    Growing on a pole-like tree trunk directly in front of the Overlook Parking Area on Deer Park Road; N 39o24.863' W 076o50.154' Google Map
    Growing on a woodland rock near the picnic tables south of Red Dog Lodge; N 39o24.604' W 076o50.440' Google Map
  • Physcia subtilis
    Growing on a boulder on the west side of Deer Park Road north of the Overlook Parking Area; N 39o24.897' W 076o50.162' Google Map
  • Physconia detersa
    Collected and identified by EGW; on old marble gravestone. Growing with Phaeophyscia adiastola, Lecanora dispersa and Xanthomendoza fallax. L-174
  • Placidium lacneum
    Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrop in open field. L-575
  • Porpidia albocaerulescens
    On rock outcrops.
    Growing on a small rock about south of the paved driveway in the woodland close to the Yellow Trail; N 39o24.484' W 076o49.357' Google Map
  • Porpidia crustulata
  • Porpidia macrocarpa
    Growing on a rock in a pile of rocks near a rusty tub along the south section of the Serpentine Trail; N 39o24.483' W 076o51.031' Google Map
  • Psorula rufonigra
    Growing on rock in serpentine barrens.
  • Punctelia rudecta
    Collected and identified by EGW; on Quercus marilandica, near Dolfield Road on downstream side from the big pipeline under the road. L-339
    Growing on bark at the base of a Virginia pine along the Orange Trail east of the intersection of the Orange-Red-Yellow Trails; N 39o24.736' W 076o49.653' Google Map
    Growing at the base of an oak along the Serpentine Trail near Deer Park Road north of the Overlook Area; N 39o24.889' W 076o50.384' Google Map
  • Punctelia subrudecta
    Growing on trunks of pines.
    Collected and identified by A. Norden and B. Ball; on trunks of pines in dry portions of the serpentine barrens. L-340
    On trunk of Virginia pine with a large poison ivy vine attached to it; along the Serpentine Trail near a barbed wire fence west of Red Dog Lodge; N 39o24.490' W 076o50.965' Google Map
    Growing on a pine cone found on the ground under a Virginia pine near the cattle fence west of Red Dog Lodge; N 39o24.490' W 076o50.965' Google Map
  • Pycnothelia papillaria
    Growing on bare soil near the intersection of the Red-Yellow-Orange Trails; N 39o24.733' W 076o49.746' Google Map
    Growing on bare soil along the Orange Trail about east of the intersection of the Red-Yellow-Orange Trails; N 39o24.728' W 076o49.709' Google Map
  • Pyxine sorediata
    Growing on an old blue carpet in a woodland at the SW corner of the Serpentine Trail; N 39o24.465' W 076o51.034' Google Map
  • Rimelia reticulata
    L-351
  • Tuckermanella fendleri
    On branches of pines.
  • Tuckermannopsis ciliaris
    On branches of pines.
    Collected and identified by A. Norden and B. Ball; on branches of scrub pines in moist areas. L-353
    Collected and identified by EGW; on dead decorticated limb of Pinus virginiana, near Dolfield Road in pine woods near downstream end of pipe under the road. L-355
    Growing on a shrub near the stream north of Dolfield Road; N 39o24.208' W 076o49.320' Google Map
  • Verrucaria nigrescens
    Growing on serpentine rock.
    Growing on a serpentine rock in a field west of Deer Park Road, in the vicinity of a small stream; Elevation, N 39o24.391' W 076o50.080' Google Map U-599
  • Xanthoparmelia conspersa
    Collected and identified by EGW; on rock outcrop in open field, with Cladonia squamosa. L-395
  • Xanthoparmelia plittii
    Growing on a boulder along the west side of Deer Park Road near the Overlook Parking Area; N 39o24.883' W 076o50.153' Google Map
    Growing on a large rock near the metal gate under the BG&E high power lines at Ward's Chapel Road; N 39o25.144' W 076o50.480' Google Map
  • Xanthoparmelia stenophylla
    Syn. Xanthoparmelia somloënsis Hale. Collected and identified by EGW L-604