Languages of Angola

Portuguese is the official language of Angola. Over 46 other languages are spoken in the country, mostly Bantu languages.

European languages

Portuguese is the sole official language. Due to cultural, social and political mechanisms which date back to the colonial history, the number of native Portuguese speakers is large and growing. A 2012 study by the Angolan National Institute for Statistics found that Portuguese is the mother tongue of 39% of the population. It is spoken as a second language by many more throughout the country, and younger urban generations are moving towards the dominant or exclusive use of Portuguese. The 2014 population census found that about 71% of the nearly 25.8 million inhabitants of Angola speak Portuguese at home.
In urban areas, 85% of the population declared to speak Portuguese at home in the 2014 census, against 49% in rural areas. Portuguese was adopted by Angolans in the mid-twentieth century as a lingua franca among the various ethnic groups. After the Angolan Civil War, many people moved to the cities where they learned Portuguese. When they returned to the countryside, more people were speaking Portuguese as a first language. The variant of the Portuguese language used in Angola is known as Angolan Portuguese. Phonetically, this variant is very similar to the Mozambican variant with some exceptions. Some believe that Angolan Portuguese resembles a pidgin in some aspects.
However, in Cabinda, wedged between two French-speaking countries — the DRC and the Congo — many people speak French as well as, or better than, Portuguese. In fact, of the literate population, 90 percent speak French while 10 percent speak Portuguese. Also, the Angolan Bakongo who were exiled in the Democratic Republic of the Congo usually speak better French and Lingala than Portuguese and Kikongo.

African languages

All native languages of Angola are considered to be national languages. After independence, the government said it would choose six to be developed as literary languages. The six languages vary between government pronouncements, but commonly included are
Umbundu, Kimbundu, Kikongo, Chokwe, Kwanyama, and Mbunda. Angolan radio transmits in fourteen of the "main" national languages: Bangala, Chokwe, Fiote, Herero, Kikongo, Kimbundu, Kwanyama, Lunda, Ngangela, Ngoya, Nyaneka, Ovambo, Songo, Umbundu. Some of the national languages are used in Angolan schools, including the provision of teaching materials such as books, but there is a shortage of teachers.
Umbundu is the most widely spoken Bantu language, spoken natively by about 23 percent of the population, about 5.9 million. It is mainly spoken in the center and south of the country. Kimbundu is spoken in Luanda Province and adjacent provinces. Kikongo is spoken in the northwest, including the exclave of Cabinda. About 8.24% of Angolans use Kikongo. Fiote is spoken by about 2.9%, mainly in Cabinda. Lingala is also spoken in Angola.
The San people speak languages from two families, the !Kung and Khoe, though only a few hundred speak the latter. The majority of San fled to South Africa after the end of the civil war. The extinct Kwadi language may have been distantly related to Khoe, and Kwisi is entirely unknown; their speakers were neither Khoisan nor Bantu.

Asian languages

A number of Angolans of Lebanese descent speak Arabic and/or French. Due to increasing Angola-China relations, there is now a sinophone community of about 300,000.

List of Languages of Angola

Listed below are the languages of Angola.

Rank	Languages	Number of speakers in Angola
1	Portuguese	15,470,000
2	Umbundu	6,000,000
3	Kikongo	2,000,000
4	Kimbundu	1,700,000
5	Luvale	464,000
6	Kwanyama	461,000
7	Cokwe/Chokwe	456,000
8	Lucazi	400,000
8	Mbangala	400,000
10	Ibinda	350,000
11	Nyaneka	300,000
12	Mbwela	222,000
12	Nyemba	222,000
14	Yaka	200,000
15	Lunda	178,000
16	Nkumbi	150,000
17	Mbunda	135,000
18	Ruund	98,500
19	Kuvale	70,000
20	Luba-Kasai	60,000
21	Songo	50,000
22	Luimbi	43,900
23	Yombe	39,400
24	Mpinda	30,000
24	Suku	30,000
26	Gciriku	24,000
26	Sama	24,000
28	Holu	23,100
29	Ndombe	22,300
29	Nkangala	22,300
31	Kwangali	22,000
32	Himba/Herero	20,000
32	Khongo	20,000
34	Dhimba/Zemba	18,000
35	Yauma	17,100
36	Ngandyera	13,100
37	Nyengo	9,380
38	Kwandu	6,000
39	Northwestern ǃKung	5,630
40	Kung-Ekoka	5,500
41	Mbukushu	4,000
42	Makoma	3,000
43	Kibala	2,630
43	Mashi	2,630
45	Ngendelengo	900
46	Khwedam	200
-	Kilari	Unknown number in Angola
-	Kwadi	No known native speakers in Angola

Foreign languages

The foreign languages most taught at school are English and French. The Angolan Government has planned to make English a compulsory subject in the future.