Labor Defender
Labor Defender was a magazine published by the International Labor Defense, itself a legal advocacy organization established in 1925 as the American section of the Comintern's International Red Aid network and thus as support to the Communist Party.
History
In January 1926, the ILD began publishing Labor Defender, as a monthly, profusely illustrated magazine with a low cover price of 10 cents. Magazine circulation boomed. It rose from some 1,500 paid subscriptions and 8,500 copies in bulk bundle sales in 1927, to some 5,500 paid subscriptions with a bundle sale of 16,500 by mid-1928. This mid-1928 circulation figure was said by Assistant Secretary Marty Abern to be "greater than the combined circulation of The Daily Worker, ''Labor Unity, and The Communist'' combined."Outlook
Labor Defender depicted a black-and-white world of heroic trade unionists and dastardly factory owners, of oppressed African Americans struggling for freedom against the Ku Klux Klan and the use of state terror to stifle and divide and destroy all opposition. Writers included prominent Communists such as trade union leader William Z. Foster, cartoonist Robert Minor, and Benjamin Gitlow, a former political prisoner in New York., as well as non-party voices like novelist Upton Sinclair, former Wobbly Ralph Chaplin, Socialist Party leader Eugene V. Debs, and Gavin Arthur, grandson of U.S. President Chester A. Arthur. Between April 1936 and December 1937, Sasha Small, Gavin Arthur, and communist poet Langston Hughes served as editors.The magazine made a constant plea for additional funds for jailed labor activists across the country. A regular column called "Voices from Prison" highlighted the plight of those behind bars and reinforced the message that good work was being done on the behalf of the so-called "class war prisoners" of America.
Masthead
The magazine's masthead included:1926
January–August 1926- Editor: T. J. O' Flaherty
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Andrew T. McNamara, Edward C. Wentworth, James P. Cannon
- Editor: Max Shachtman
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Andrew T. McNamara, Edward C. Wentworth, James P. Cannon
1927
- Editor: Max Shachtman
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Edward C. Wentworth, James P. Cannon
1928
January–November 1928- Editor: Max Shachtman
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Edward C. Wentworth, James P. Cannon
- Editor: Karl Reeve
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Norman Tallentire, Alfred Wagenknecht
1929
January–April 1929- Editor: Karl Reeve
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Norman T. Tallentire, Alfred Wagenknecht
- Editor: Karl Reeve
- Business: Walt Carmon
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Edward G. Wentworth, Juliet Poyntz, Carl Kacker
- Editor: Karl Reeve
- Business: Walt Carmon
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Edward G. Wentworth, Alfred Wagenknecht
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Edward G. Wentworth, J. Louis Engdahl
1930
January–February 1930- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Edward G. Wentworth, J. Louis Engdahl
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- Associate Editor: Sol Auerbach
- National Officers: J. Louis Engdahl, George Maurer, A. Jakira
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- Associate Editor: Sol Auerbach
- National Officers: J. Louis Engdahl, Sam Darcy, A. Jakira
1931
- Managing Editor: Sender Garlin
- Editors: William L. Patterson, Sasha Small
- Associate Editor: Sol Auerbach
1932
January–September 1932- Editors: J. Louis Engdahl, Sender Garlin, Joseph North
- Editors: J. Louis Engdahl, Joseph North
- Associate Editors: Louis Colman, Sasha Small
1933
- Editors: William L. Patterson, Joseph North
- Associate Editors: Louis Colman, Sasha Small
1934
January 1934- Managing Editor: Sender Garlin
- Editors: William L. Patterson, Sasha Small
- Managing Editor: Sender Garlin
- Editors: William L. Patterson, Sasha Small
- Associate Editor: Louis Colman
1935
January–June 1935- Managing Editor: Nichola Wirth
- Editors: William L. Patterson, Sasha Small
- Associate Editor: Louis Colman
- Art Editor: Limbach
- Editors: William L. Patterson, Sasha Small
- Associate Editor: Louis Colman
1936
January–March 1936- Editors: William L. Patterson, Sasha Small
- Associate Editor: Louis Colman
- Editor: Sasha Small
- Pacific Coast Editor: Chester A. Arthur Jr.
- Editorial Board: Nathan Asch, Louis Colman, Anna Damon, Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, Maurice Rosenfield, Walter Wilson
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank
- Editor: Sasha Small
- Pacific Coast Editor: Chester A. Arthur Jr.
- Editorial Board: Nathan Asch, Louis Colman, Anna Damon, Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, Maurice Rosenfield, Walter Wilson
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank
1937
January–September 1937- Editor: Sasha Small
- Pacific Coast Editor: Chester A. Arthur Jr.
- Editorial Board: Nathan Asch, Louis Colman, Anna Damon, Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, Maurice Rosenfield, Walter Wilson
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank
- Editor: Sasha Small
- Pacific Coast Editor: Chester A. Arthur
- Editorial Board: Nathan Asch, Louis Colman, Anna Damon, Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, Maurice Rosenfield, Walter Wilson
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank