Labbu
The Labbu 'Myth is an ancient Mesopotamian creation epic. Only one copy of it is known from the Library of Ashurbanipal. It is commonly dated no later than the Old Babylonian period, although recent work suggests a later composition. It is a folktale possibly of the Diyala region, since the later version seems to feature the god Tišpak as its protagonist and may be an allegory representing his replacement of the chthonic serpent-god Ninazu at the top of the pantheon of the city of Eshnunna. This part is played by Nergal in the earlier version. It was possibly a precursor of the Enûma Eliš, where Labbu – meaning "Raging One" or "lion", was the prototype of Tiamat and of the Canaanite tale of Baal fighting Yamm. Other similar texts include the Myth of Anzu and KAR 6.
Depending on the reading of the first character in the antagonist's name, the text might also be called The Slaying of Labbu or Kalbu Myth'. This polyvalence of cuneiform readings allows a possible connection to the biblical monster Rahab.
Text
The following translation of the Labbu Myth comes from Ayali-Darshan 2020.The cities became dilapidated, the lands
The people decreased in number
To their lamentation no
On their cry, he has no .
'Who the serpent ?'
'Sea the serpent,
Enlil in heaven designed :
His length is 50 bēru, one bēru,
Half a nindanu his mouth, one ninandu ,
One nindanu the span of e.
For five nindanu he birds,
In the water, nine amma he drags
He raises his tail '.
All the gods of heaven
In heaven, the gods bowed down before
And the moon's was darkened at its edges.
'Who will go and Labb?
will sa the broad land
And exercis kingship ?'
'Go, Tišpak, k Labbu!
Save the broad land !
And exercise kingship !'
You have sent me, O lord, the offspring of the River,
I do not know Labbu's .
He opened his mouth and to :
'Make the clouds the terrible storm arise
in front of you the seal your neck,
Shoot and ki Labbu!'
he made the clouds the terrible storm
The seal his neck in front of him,
He shot and Labbu.
For three years, three months, day and ni
the blood of Labbu flowed .
Synopsis
Extant in two very fragmentary copies; an Old Babylonian one and a later Assyrian from the Library of Ashurbanipal, which have no complete surviving lines – the Labbu Myth relates the tale of a possibly leonine but certainly serpentine monster: a fifty-league long Bašmu or sixty-league long Mušḫuššu, depending on the version and reconstruction of the text. The opening of the Old Babylonian version recalls that of The Epic of Gilgamesh:The cities sigh, the people...
The people decreased in number,...
For their lamentation there was none to...
The vast dimensions of Labbu are described. The sea has given birth to the dragon. The fragmentary line: "He raises his tail..." identifies him according to Neil Forsyth as a precursor of a later adversary; the dragon of Revelation 12:4, whose tail swept a third of the stars of heaven, and cast them down to earth.
In the later version, Labbu is created by the god Enlil who "drew the dragon in the sky" to wipe out humanity whose raucous noise has been disturbing his sleep, a recurring motif in Babylonian creation epics. Whether this refers to the Milky Way or a comet is not clear. The gods are terrified by the apparition of this monstrous creature and appeal to the moon god Sin or the goddess Aruru who addresses Tišpak/Nergal to counter the threat and "exercise kingship", presumably over Eshnunna, as a reward. Tišpak/Nergal raises objections to tangling with the serpent but – after a gap in the narrative, a god whose name is not preserved provides guidance on military strategy. A storm erupts and the victor, who may or may not be Tišpak or Nergal, in accordance with the advice given, fires an arrow to slay the beast.
The fragments of the epic are not part of a cosmogony as noted by Forsyth; since the cities of men are already in existence when the narrative takes place. Frans Wiggerman interpreted the myth's function as a way of justifying Tishpak's ascension to status of king, "as a consequence of his 'liberation' of the nation, sanctioned by the decision of a divine council."