Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 16

Launch Complex 16 is a launch pad site located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Part of the Missile Row lineup of launch pads, it was originally built for use by LGM-25 Titan missiles in the early 1960s, a variety of NASA functions in the late 1960s, and later saw tests of MGM-31 Pershing missiles in the 1970s and 1980s.
As of August 2025, LC-16 is leased to Relativity Space, during which it is undergoing large-scale renovations for future use by their Terran R launch vehicle.

History

LC-16 was originally built by the United States Air Force in the late 1950s as a way to test launches of their HGM-25A Titan I ICBMs, complementing LC-15 to the south and LC-19 and LC-20 to the north in accomplishing that task. Six Titan I missiles were launched from the complex between December 1959 and May 1960. These were followed by seven LGM-25C Titan II missiles, starting with the type's maiden flight on March 16, 1962. The last Titan II launch from LC-16 was conducted on May 29, 1963.
Following the end of its involvement with the Titan missile, LC-16 was released to NASA on September 16, 1964, which used it for Gemini crew processing, and static firing tests of the Apollo Service Module's propulsion engine. Following its return to the Air Force in 1972, it was handed over to the United States Army and was converted for use by the MGM-31 Pershing missile, which made its first flight from the complex on May 7, 1974. Seventy-nine Pershing 1a and 49 Pershing II missiles were launched from LC-16. The last Pershing launch from the facility was conducted on March 21, 1988. It was deactivated the next day and subsequently decommissioned under the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
Following a 30 year period of inactivity, it was announced on January 17, 2019 that Relativity Space had entered a 5-year agreement with the Air Force to use LC-16 to launch their in-development lifters, the smallsat-focused Terran 1 and the heavy-lift Terran R. After spending a couple years renovating the pad to be launch-capable, Relativity performed the first orbital launch attempt from the complex with the maiden flight of Terran 1 on March 23, 2023, which resulted in a failure after the second stage failed to ignite. Following this failure, Relativity announced that they opted to retire the Terran 1 in pursuit of developing the Terran R, thereby resuming construction work on LC-16 to support the launcher. Relativity currently expects the maiden flight of Terran R to be no earlier than 2026.

Launch statistics

Titan

All launches operated by the United States Air Force.

No.	Date	Time	Launch vehicle	Payload	Result	Remarks
1	12 December 1959	17:11	HGM-25A Titan I	Suborbital test		First launch from LC-16. Vibrations unintentionally activated range safety destruction charges during liftoff, destroying the missile.
2	5 February 1960	21:46	HGM-25A Titan I	Suborbital test		Guidance compartment suffered structural failure, leading to missile self-destruction 56 seconds after launch.
3	8 March 1960	18:00	HGM-25A Titan I	Suborbital test		Stuck valve caused gas generator failure, leading to failure of second stage start.
4	8 April 1960	Unknown	HGM-25A Titan I	Suborbital test		First successful launch from LC-16.
5	28 April 1960	20:18	HGM-25A Titan I	Suborbital test
6	27 May 1960	17:20	HGM-25A Titan I	Suborbital test
7	16 March 1962	18:09	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test		Maiden flight of the Titan II.
8	25 July 1962	16:17	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test
8	12 October 1962	16:24	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test
9	6 December 1962	20:31	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test		Pogo oscillation reduction experiment failed, leading to premature first stage shutdown thanks to increased vibrations.
10	10 January 1963	Unknown	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test		Second stage suffered from reduced thrust, leading to impact point being well short of target.
11	9 May 1963	Unknown	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test
12	29 May 1963	16:56	LGM-25C Titan II	Suborbital test		Contained pogo oscillation reduction experiment. Fuel leak led to fire in thrust section, leading to loss of control and missile self destruction 52 seconds after launch. Final Titan launch from LC-16.

Pershing

All launches operated by the United States Army.

No.	Date	Time	Launch vehicle	Payload	Result	Remarks
13	7 May 1974	19:00	Pershing 1a	Missile test		First Pershing test flight performed from LC-16, and first Pershing 1a test flight performed at Cape Canaveral.
14	7 May 1974	19:15	Pershing 1a	Missile test
15	7 May 1974	20:05	Pershing 1a	Missile test
16	7 May 1974	20:21	Pershing 1a	Missile test
17	21 May 1974	Unknown	Pershing 1a	Missile test
18	21 May 1974	13:04	Pershing 1a	Missile test
19	21 May 1974	13:18	Pershing 1a	Missile test
20	21 May 1974	14:28	Pershing 1a	Missile test
21	31 May 1974	19:00	Pershing 1a	Missile test
22	31 May 1974	19:15	Pershing 1a	Missile test
23	31 May 1974	20:05	Pershing 1a	Missile test
24	31 May 1974	20:21	Pershing 1a	Missile test
25	23 July 1975	15:04	Pershing 1a	Missile test
26	23 July 1975	16:38	Pershing 1a	Missile test
27	23 July 1975	16:53	Pershing 1a	Missile test
28	24 July 1975	18:49	Pershing 1a	Missile test
29	5 August 1975	16:04	Pershing 1a	Missile test
30	5 August 1975	16:20	Pershing 1a	Missile test
31	5 August 1975	18:16	Pershing 1a	Missile test
32	5 August 1975	18:32	Pershing 1a	Missile test
33	25 August 1975	15:54	Pershing 1a	Missile test
34	25 August 1975	17:32	Pershing 1a	Missile test
35	26 August 1975	18:32	Pershing 1a	Missile test
36	26 August 1975	18:49	Pershing 1a	Missile test
37	26 October 1976	18:06	Pershing 1a	Missile test
38	26 October 1976	19:12	Pershing 1a	Missile test
39	26 October 1976	20:21	Pershing 1a	Missile test
40	26 October 1976	20:39	Pershing 1a	Missile test
41	17 February 1977	18:12	Pershing 1a	Missile test
42	2 March 1977	18:28	Pershing 1a	Missile test
43	2 March 1977	18:53	Pershing 1a	Missile test
44	2 March 1977	20:31	Pershing 1a	Missile test
45	2 March 1977	21:42	Pershing 1a	Missile test
46	13 July 1978	14:37	Pershing 1a	Missile test
47	13 July 1978	16:57	Pershing 1a	Missile test
48	13 July 1978	18:09	Pershing 1a	Missile test
49	25 July 1978	14:30	Pershing 1a	Missile test
50	25 July 1978	14:48	Pershing 1a	Missile test
51	25 July 1978	15:06	Pershing 1a	Missile test
52	25 August 1978	13:06	Pershing 1a	Missile test
53	25 August 1978	13:23	Pershing 1a	Missile test
54	25 August 1978	13:53	Pershing 1a	Missile test
55	22 February 1979	14:43	Pershing 1a	Missile test
56	22 February 1979	15:00	Pershing 1a	Missile test
57	22 February 1979	15:19	Pershing 1a	Missile test
58	25 April 1979	15:03	Pershing 1a	Missile test
59	25 April 1979	15:17	Pershing 1a	Missile test
60	25 April 1979	15:40	Pershing 1a	Missile test
61	9 May 1979	17:00	Pershing 1a	Missile test
62	9 May 1979	18:29	Pershing 1a	Missile test
63	9 May 1979	18:50	Pershing 1a	Missile test
64	12 February 1980	15:51	Pershing 1a	Missile test
65	12 February 1980	16:27	Pershing 1a	Missile test
66	23 April 1980	15:04	Pershing 1a	Missile test
67	23 April 1980	15:22	Pershing 1a	Missile test
68	23 April 1980	15:39	Pershing 1a	Missile test
69	23 April 1980	16:05	Pershing 1a	Missile test
70	7 May 1980	14:40	Pershing 1a	Missile test
71	7 May 1980	14:59	Pershing 1a	Missile test
72	7 May 1980	15:58	Pershing 1a	Missile test
73	15 May 1980	14:51	Pershing 1a	Missile test
74	4 February 1981	15:00	Pershing 1a	Missile test
75	4 February 1981	15:33	Pershing 1a	Missile test
76	4 February 1981	15:53	Pershing 1a	Missile test
77	17 February 1981	17:15	Pershing 1a	Missile test
78	17 February 1981	17:51	Pershing 1a	Missile test
79	17 February 1981	19:17	Pershing 1a	Missile test
80	7 April 1981	14:00	Pershing 1a	Missile test
81	7 April 1981	14:19	Pershing 1a	Missile test
82	7 April 1981	14:40	Pershing 1a	Missile test
83	20 January 1982	14:59	Pershing 1a	Missile test
84	20 January 1982	15:19	Pershing 1a	Missile test
85	20 January 1982	19:06	Pershing 1a	Missile test
86	24 February 1982	14:04	Pershing 1a	Missile test
87	24 February 1982	14:55	Pershing 1a	Missile test
88	24 February 1982	15:14	Pershing 1a	Missile test
89	10 March 1982	15:01	Pershing 1a	Missile test
90	10 March 1982	15:17	Pershing 1a	Missile test
91	10 March 1982	16:26	Pershing 1a	Missile test
92	22 July 1982	14:49	Pershing II	Missile test		Maiden flight of the Pershing II.
93	21 January 1983	14:48	Pershing II	Missile test
94	9 February 1983	15:06	Pershing II	Missile test
95	28 March 1983	15:29	Pershing II	Missile test
96	10 April 1983	19:55	Pershing II	Missile test
97	27 May 1983	14:48	Pershing II	Missile test
98	2 June 1983	14:46	Pershing II	Missile test
99	17 July 1983	14:15	Pershing II	Missile test
100	7 September 1983	17:04	Pershing II	Missile test
101	23 September 1983	12:05	Pershing 1a	Missile test
102	23 September 1983	13:21	Pershing 1a	Missile test
103	23 September 1983	14:34	Pershing 1a	Missile test
104	23 September 1983	14:55	Pershing 1a	Missile test
105	23 September 1983	16:17	Pershing 1a	Missile test
106	13 October 1983	16:25	Pershing 1a	Missile test
107	13 October 1983	16:50	Pershing 1a	Missile test
108	13 October 1983	17:13	Pershing 1a	Missile test
109	13 October 1983	17:43	Pershing 1a	Missile test		Last Pershing 1 test launch from Cape Canaveral, with all remaining tests being performed at Fort Bliss.
110	16 May 1984	14:31	Pershing II	Missile test
111	7 August 1984	12:00	Pershing II	Missile test
112	20 September 1984	14:30	Pershing II	Missile test
113	3 October 1984	14:22	Pershing II	Missile test
114	16 December 1985	13:03	Pershing II	Missile test
115	17 December 1985	16:02	Pershing II	Missile test
116	17 December 1985	21:37	Pershing II	Missile test
117	24 June 1986	13:56	Pershing II	Missile test
118	24 June 1986	15:23	Pershing II	Missile test
119	24 June 1986	16:33	Pershing II	Missile test
120	26 June 1986	13:05	Pershing II	Missile test
121	26 June 1986	16:47	Pershing II	Missile test
122	24 March 1987	13:33	Pershing II	Missile test
123	24 March 1987	13:52	Pershing II	Missile test
124	24 March 1987	14:13	Pershing II	Missile test
125	24 March 1987	15:34	Pershing II	Missile test
126	24 March 1987	15:54	Pershing II	Missile test
127	24 March 1987	16:17	Pershing II	Missile test
128	21 May 1987	02:00	Pershing II	Missile test
129	21 May 1987	02:19	Pershing II	Missile test
130	21 May 1987	02:40	Pershing II	Missile test
131	21 May 1987	04:00	Pershing II	Missile test
132	21 May 1987	04:33	Pershing II	Missile test
133	21 May 1987	04:51	Pershing II	Missile test
134	27 July 1987	12:38	Pershing II	Missile test
135	27 July 1987	12:57	Pershing II	Missile test
136	27 July 1987	15:20	Pershing II	Missile test
137	27 July 1987	15:37	Pershing II	Missile test
138	13 January 1988	14:01	Pershing II	Missile test
139	15 February 1988	13:03	Pershing II	Missile test
140	15 February 1988	13:21	Pershing II	Missile test
141	15 February 1988	13:42	Pershing II	Missile test
142	15 February 1988	15:16	Pershing II	Missile test
143	15 February 1988	15:42	Pershing II	Missile test
144	15 February 1988	16:01	Pershing II	Missile test
145	21 March 1988	13:01	Pershing II	Missile test
146	21 March 1988	13:19	Pershing II	Missile test
147	21 March 1988	14:13	Pershing II	Missile test
148	21 March 1988	15:45	Pershing II	Missile test
149	21 March 1988	16:53	Pershing II	Missile test		Final Pershing launch from Cape Canaveral. Final Pershing II test flight before their elimination in the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

Terran

All launches operated by Relativity Space.

No.	Date	Time	Launch vehicle	Mission name	Payload	Result	Remarks
150	23 March 2023	03:25	Terran 1	"Good Luck, Have Fun"	N/A		First launch performed by Relativity Space, and only flight of the Terran 1. First orbital launch attempt from LC-16. Second stage failed to ignite after staging.