Kusari-fundo
[Image:manriki.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Antique Japanese kusari fundo/''manriki]
Kusari-fundo is a handheld weapon used in feudal Japan consisting of a length of chain with a weight attached to each end of the chain. Various sizes and shapes of chain and weight were used as there was no set rule on the construction of these weapons. Other popular names are manrikigusari or just manriki''.
Parts
The chain (kusari)
[Image:Manriki kusari length.jpg|thumb|The chain (kusari) of a kusari fundo.]Typically the length of the forged chain could vary from around 12 inches up to 48 inches. The chain links could have many different shapes including round, elliptical, and egg-shaped. The thickness of the chain also varied. Usually the first link of chain attached to the weight was round and often larger and thicker than the rest of the links of the chain.
The weight (fundo)
[Image:Manriki fundo length and thickness.jpg|150px|thumb|The weight (fundo) of a kusari fundo]The weight attached to each end of the chain could have many different sizes and shapes. The weights usually exactly matched each other in size and shape. On some of the related chain-and-weight weapons, the weights could be completely different from each other, with one weight much longer than the other, like a handle on one end, or one weight could be round while the other weight could be rectangular. Weight shapes include round, hexagonal, or rectangular. The weight could be fairly light or quite heavy, with the typical weight ranging from 2 ounces to 4 ounces.
Use
The use of the kusari-fundo was taught in several different schools, or ryū, as a hidden or concealed weapon and also as a self-defense weapon. The kusari-fundo was useful when carrying a sword was not allowed or impractical, and samurai police of the Edo period would often use a kusari-fundo as one of their non-lethal arresting weapons.History
There are several chain and weight weapons. One type known as a konpi is mentioned in manuscripts as far back as the Nanboku-chō period.Masaki Tarōdayū Dannoshin Toshiyoshi, founder of the Masaki-ryū, is said to have developed a version of the kusari-fundo while serving Lord Toda, as a bloodless weapon that could be used to defend the grounds of Edo Castle.
Legality
In the Republic of Ireland, the kusari-fundo is classified as an illegal offensive weapon.In Massachusetts in the United States, carrying a manrikigusari in public is considered a felony.