Knout

A knout is a Russian whip that consists of a rawhide thong or a rope attached to a long wooden handle. Commonly used for prodding horses or cattle, knouts were also used for flagellation as a corporal punishment in Russian history. The English word is a spelling-pronunciation of a French transliteration of the Russian word кнут, which means "whip".

Etymology

The word may be derived from the Swedish knutpiska, a kind of whip with knots. The stem knut is of generic Germanic origin; compare with the German Knute, Dutch knoet and with Old Norse knutr, Anglo-Saxon cnotta and English knot.

For corporal punishment

According to Brockhaus and Efron, a typical knout used by Russian executioners consisted of a wooden handle about half arshin to which attached was a thick braided rawhide piece, one arshin long. The latter piece ended in a metal ring, to which was attached a wide rawhide belt made as long, also of one arshin length with a stiffened beak-like end.
Image:Jean-Baptiste Le Prince, Supplice du knout ordinaire.png|thumb|"Punishment with an Ordinary Knout", depicting the flogging of Natalia Lopukhina
Image:Jean-Baptiste [Le Prince, Supplice du grand knout (c. 1765).png|thumb|"Punishment with a Great Knout" (1765)]
Knouts were used in Russia for flogging as formal Judicial [corporal punishment|corporal punishment] of criminals and political offenders. The victim was tied to a post or on a triangle of wood and stripped, receiving the specified number of strokes on the back. A sentence of 100 or 120 lashes was equivalent to a death sentence.
Emperor Nicholas I abolished punishment by knout in 1845, after years of deliberation, and replaced it with the pleti, a lighter whip, commonly with three tails, which was used previously for punishment as well.