Kepler-47b


Kepler-47b is an exoplanet orbiting the binary star system Kepler-47, the innermost of three such planets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft. The system, also involving two other exoplanets, is located about 3,400 light-years away.

Characteristics

Mass, radius and temperature

Kepler-47b is a gas giant, an exoplanet that is near the same mass and radius as the planets Jupiter and Saturn. It has a temperature of. The planet has a radius of, and is thought to have no solid surface. It has a mass of.

Host stars

The planet orbits in a circumbinary orbit around a and binary star system. The stars orbit each other about every 7.45 days. The stars have masses of 1.04 and 0.35 and radii of 0.96 and 0.35, respectively. They have temperatures of 5636 K and 3357 K. Based on the stellar characteristics and orbital dynamics, an estimated age of 4–5 billion years for the system is possible. In comparison, the Sun is about 4.6 billion years old and has a temperature of 5778 K. The primary star is somewhat metal-poor, with a metallicity of −0.25, or 56% of the solar amount. The stars' luminosities are 84% and 1% that of the Sun.
The apparent magnitude of the system, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is about 15.8. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.

Orbit

Kepler-47b orbits around its parent stars every 45 days at a distance of 0.29 AU from its stars, which is the smallest known circumbinary orbit of any planet. It receives about 9.6 times as much sunlight that Earth does from the Sun.

Discovery

Kepler-47b, as well as Kepler-47c, was first discovered by scientists, from both NASA and the Tel-Aviv University in Israel, using the Kepler space telescope. Additionally, the planetary characteristics of both objects were identified by a team of astronomers at the University of Texas at Austin's McDonald observatory. Both planets were discovered after transiting their parent stars, and they both seem to be orbiting along the same plane.

Significance

Prior to the discovery of Kepler-47c, it was thought that binary stars with multiple planets could not exist. Gravitational issues caused by the parent stars would, it was believed, cause any circumbinary planets to either collide with each other, collide with one of the parent stars, or be flung out of orbit. However, this discovery shows that multiple planets can form around binary stars, even in their habitable zones; and while Kepler-47c is most likely unable to harbor life because it is a gas giant, other planets that could support life may orbit binary systems such as Kepler-47.