Kariofili
The Kariofili, also spelled Kariophili, was a smoothbore musket produced and used throughout Greece and its neighbouring territories within the Ottoman Empire from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. A symbol of resistance and status, it was the characteristic arm of the Klephts and Armatoles and played a significant role in the Greek [War of Independence].
Etymology
The origin of the name "Kariofili" is uncertain. A common folk etymology suggests it is a Hellenized corruption of the Italian phrase "Carlo e Figli", implying the guns were based on those from a known Italian gunsmithing family. However, historical research has not identified any Italian gunmakers named "Carlo & Figli" operating in the relevant period, casting doubt on this theory. Alternative theories propose the name may derive from the Turkish word karanfil, which also influenced the Slavic name Karanfilka.Design and features
Stock: The stock was typically covered in engraved sheets of brass, silver, or iron, often covering the entire wrist and butt area. It curves upward sharply in a manner similar to the Afghan Jezail but ends in a distinctive, ornate fork or fishtail shape.Lock: While most commonly utilizing a French-style flintlock mechanism, many were later converted to percussion systems. A variant utilizing a Miquelet lock was produced in the Balkans and known by the name Rašak.
Barrel: Though predominantly smoothbore, examples with Turkish rifled barrels are known.
Decoration: Many specimens are highly personalized, featuring engraved decorations, and often inscribed with the date, place of manufacture, or the owner's name on the left side of the stock.