Karakhanid language
Karakhanid, also known as Khaqani Turkic, was a Turkic language developed in the 11th century during the Middle Turkic period under the Kara-Khanid Khanate. It has been described as the first literary Islamic Turkic language. It is sometimes classified under the Old Turkic category, rather than Middle Turkic, as it is contemporary to the East Old Turkic languages of Orkhon Turkic and Old Uyghur. Eastern Middle Turkic languages, namely Khorezmian Turkic and later Chagatai are descendants of the Karakhanid language.
Karakhanid vocabulary was influenced by Arabic and Persian loanwords, but the language itself was still noted to be similar to the Old Uyghur language. The language was written using the Arabic script. Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk and Yūsuf Balasaguni's Kutadgu Bilig are considered to be important literary works written in Karakhanid language.
History
It was spoken between the 5th-15th centuries. It is one of the three parts of the Old Turkic period. According to Ligeti's classification, it is divided into three periods:- Mani and Buddha translations and the foundation period of Uyghur written language
- Chagatai writing language period
- Kipchak and Oghuz language relics period
Literary works
Turkic elders valued the native language and left 21 works. The most important and valuable of these that have reached our hands are: the famous work Kutadgu Bilig written by Yusuf Khass Hajib, which was written in Karakhanid Turkic for the first time during the Karakhanid State, and the famous work Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk written in the same century by Mahmud al-Kashgari. Other works of Karakhanid literature are mentioned by contemporary authors but have not survived to the present. There was also a Turkic poet named Çuçu during the Karakhanid period.Phonology
Vowels are found in Karakhanid Turkic, as in all periods of Turkic language.| Front Vowels | Back Vowels |
| /e/ | /a/ |
| /i/ | /ɯ/ |
| /ø/ | /o/ |
| /y/ | /u/ |