Jhangvi dialect
Jhangvi, also known as Jhangochi, is a western dialect of Punjabi, predominantly spoken in central Punjab, Pakistan. Its name is derived from Jhang, its main city. It is spoken throughout a widespread area, starting from Khanewal to Jhang District at either end of Ravi and Chenab. It is also spoken in Chinot, Okara, Sahiwal, Toba Tek Singh, Hafizabad, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakpattan, Bahawalnagar and Faisalabad.
It is intermediate between Majhi and Multani. The similar Shahpuri dialect is spoken in Sargodha and Mandi Bahauddin, while Dhanni is spoken in Chakwal, Talagang and Khushab.
Phonology
Jangli's sound inventory includes implosive consonants, but unlike in Saraiki these do not have phonemic status, as they do not contrast with plain voiced consonants. The implosives are more common than in Saraiki, and their set contains the unusual for the area dental implosive, which contrasts with the regular retroflex implosive.Similar dialects
shows Jatki, Shahpuri and Dhanni as other dialects of Lahnda.Grammar
Continuous tense
Similar to Pothohari, Hindko, and other Western Punjabi dialects, Jhangochi also uses pyā to signify the continuous tense.Many Majhi sub-dialects also utilize this tense.
The place of "pyā" may sometimes be switched with respect to the verb.
"Tusī̃ bahoon changā kamm paye karenday o", meaning "You are doing a very good thing"
"Tū̃ bahoon changā kamm krendā ain pyā", meaning "You are doing a very good thing"
"Sāḍā hāl kehṛā puchhdā ãi, mar mar ke paye aan jeenday, meaning "What do you ask about us? We are living in great distress"
"Paye aapna vanjeynday visaah o", meaning "You are wasting the trust people have in you"
"Eh dohven aape vich larde hin paye". meaning "These two are fighting amongst themselves"
"Ethay seklaan pyiaan vikkdiyaan hin" or "Ethay seklaan vikkdiyaan ne pyiaan", meaning "Bicycles are being sold here"
Future tense
The future tense in Jatki Punjabi is formed by adding -s as opposed to the Eastern Punjabi gā.This tense is also utilized in Pothwari, Hindko, Saraiki and other Western Punjabi dialects.
Past Tense
The past tense in the Jatki dialects differs from that of Eastern Punjabi.Present tense
The present tense of non-causative verbs in Jatki may involve the addition of -eyndā, while causative verbs may attain either -eyndā or -āandā. The future tense changes accordingly.Verbs that have a causative form, rarely acquire -eyndā, for example, Mardā cannot become Mareyndā as that is the present form of Maarnā.
However, Mannnā and Mannāvnā both can be said as Maneyndā in the present form.
Verbs like āvan and lyāvan will not take -eyndā, as they lack a passive form, so they are either said as -āndā or -aundā
The progressive tense is built upon the present tense, and is used in all Punjabi dialects. It is made by ending the verb with -eān in the present form.
For example, "to be doing" or "while doing", can be either kardeān or kareyndeān.
Passive tense
The Jatki dialects have a special passive tense for most verbs.The present passive is made by adding -eendā, past passive by adding -eejā/eeyā, subjunctive by adding -eevay and -eevan, progressive by adding -eendeān, gerundive passive by adding -eevna/eejna and future passive by adding -eesi. The continuous passive is built upon the present passive by adding pyā, while perfect passive is built by adding gyā to the past passive.
Varteendā, Varteenday, Varteevay/Varteejay, Varteevan/Varteejan, Varteejā/Varteeyā, Vartee-gyā, Varteenda-pyā, Varteendeān, Varteevna/Varteejna, Varteesi, Vartee-veysi or Vartee-jaasi, Vartee-veynda or Vartee-jaanda.
Note: The past passive in Shahpuri is made by adding -eevyā, in Jhangochi by adding -eeyaā, Dhani is made by adding -eetā, and in Thalochi and it is made by adding -eechā. In Saraiki it is also added with -eechā/-eejā.
Some verbs may attain this form without any change in usage or meaning, such as:
ਬਵ੍ਹਣਾ ਉਠੀਵਣਾ / بہوَنا اُٹھِیونا, being the same as ਉੱਠਣਾ / اُٹھّنا
ਦਿਸੀਂਦਾ / دِسِیندا, being the same as ਦਿੱਸਦਾ / دِسّدا
Proverb example: Heṭṭhon utton vaḍḍheeveeye taan ḍakk sadeeenda
'
Note: The past tense of Marnā'' is Moyā and the past passive tense is Mareejā'''''
Agentive Tense
The agentive tense of verb in Punjabi is either shown in the standard manner by adding the words "āalā" or "laggeā".For example, "He is to come" or "He is about to come" is spoken as Oh aavan aalā/laggeā ae.
In Jatki, another manner exists where the root verb is suffixated by adding -oo
Examples:
Tun kitthay jaaoo/vanjoo ain?
Oh kay karoo ae?
Ajj mein tuhānu hik ehjihi gall sunāoo aan
Tuseen ohnu deoo o ke menu deoo o?
''Ghaabarda kyon pya ain? Saanu vi miloo ae''
Vocabulary
Present plural marker
The dialects of Jatki Punjabi use Hin or No to signify the present plural tense. These are dialectal forms of "Han" and "Ne" respectively."Do janay hin/no", meaning "There are two people".
The word "hin" may be attached with the verb colloquially.
"Oh menu dassdin", meaning "They tell me".
"Bahoon vāday keetin" ، meaning "Made many promises"
The word Hen may also be used.
Words for "then/again"
Words like Vall, Valla, Vatt or Muṛ and its variant pronunciation Munṛ are used instead of the Standard Punjabi Phir."Halā vatt ke/kya hoya/thiya?", meaning "Alright, what happened then?".
"Tenu vatt vii aas praai rahi", meaning "Even then, you had hopes for some other", a lyric from "Changean Naseeban de Shah", by Talib Hussain Dard
Words for "Going"
Words like Vaj̈an, Jāwaṇ and Vehna are both used."Kiddey vendā/jāndā pyā ain?", meaning "Where are you going?"
Words for "Someone" and "What"
For "what", Jatki either uses the common word Kii or the Western word Ke or Kya'.For "someone", Jatki may use either the standard Kisay or another word that is Kahee'ṇ'' '''
Words for "That"
Ba, Bai or Jo are used, as opposed to ke in Standard Punjabi.Mein tuhaanu dassaan bai aes ton changga mein pehla KaDDe nhi dditha
KaDDe vi mein nahi aakhya jo tun menu kujh desein taahin mein tenu kujh desaan
Tusi'n inj keeta karo ba menu dass ditta karo
Menu pata ae ba khoon rattaa ae, tey hetna rattaa ae jo teray hatthaan tey mehndi lagsi
Similarly, Kyunjo ' is used for Kyunke, and Taanjo' is used for Taake.''
Supporting verbs
In Jatki, many verbs exist to support the adjoining verb, giving the same meaning as de/dittaa/devay/devaan/denda/desi.De chaa, is the same as De de, meaning "Give it"
Rakkh chhaḍḍ, is the same as Rakkh de, meaning "Place it"
Chaa karay, is the same as Kar devay, meaning "Someone do it"
Other examples:
Chaa keetaa, meaning "Done it"
Mukaa chhoryaa, meaning "Finished it"
Pivaa chaa, meaning "Get me to drink"
Laah satto, meaning "Remove it"
Bhann sattyaa, meaning "Broke it"
Hun dass vi chhaḍḍo, meaning "Now tell already"
Koi ghatt chhaḍḍay, meaning "Someone come and pour it"
Mein ohnu de chhaḍḍsaan, meaning "I will give him"
Maar ghattsan, meaning "Will come and beat"
The verb "Vattnā"
In its past form Vadā, it can either show continuous action or a state of being, depending on the main verb's form.In the latter case, Khalā and Khlotā may also be used.
Menu bhukkh laggi vadi/khali/pyi ae
Menu bhukkh laggdi vadi/pyi ae
Oh chendā vadā/pyā ae
Oh chaai vadā/khalā ae
Ukkā moye vaday āen
Oh khādhi khalā hosi
Ohnu treh laggi vadi/khloti ae
Mein kamm mukaai vadā/khalā/khlotā aa'n
Mein dhammi da progam keeti khalā/vadā/khlotā/pyā aa'n
Rujjhay vade o, naveān saangeān vich
In other forms, the verb Vattnā, depicts a continuity in an action, and is synonymous with the word Phirnā.
Hyaati saari nassdyān vattnā/phirnā
Oh tenu kay kujh ghalldā vattdā/phirdā ee?
Beyli ruṭṭhā vadā hove tey aseen jeende vateeye/phireeye?
''Mein injay tue'n magar laggya vattaa'n/phiraa'n?''
Personal pronouns
Jatki uses special personal pronouns such as Kãi'n, and Jãi'n.Kãi aakhya? کَیں آکھیا؟, meaning "Says who?"
Jãi vii aakhya hove/thive جَیں وی آکھیا ہووے, meaning "Whomsoever might have said it"
Eh kãi'nda ghar ae? ایہہ کَیندا گھر اے؟, meaning "Whose house is this?"
Kãi kãi janay eh aali kheyḍ kheyḍi ee?, کیں کیں جنڑے ایہہ آلی کھیڈ کھیڈی ہئی؟ meaning "Who has played this game?"
Jãi kahe'n vii karna hove/thive جَیں کہیں وی کرنا ہووے or Jis kise vii karna hove/thive جِس کِسے وی کرنا ہووے, meaning "Whomsoever wants to do"
Jainda vii mann kareynda or ''Jai'n kahee'n da vii mann kareynda''