Jean-Xavier Bureau de Pusy
Jean-Xavier Bureau de Pusy was a French military engineer and politician, during the French Revolution.
Early life
Bureau de Pusy was born on 7 January 1750 in Port-sur-Saône in the department of Haute-Saône.Political career
[List of members of the National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly of 1789|Deputy] of nobility for the bailliage d'Amont in the Estates General of 1789 that became the National Constituent Assembly, Jean-Xavier Bureau de Pusy was three times named president of the National Constituent Assembly:- from 2 to 24 February 1790;
- from 11 to 24 September 1790;
- from 24 May to 5 June 1791.
In 1790, he corresponded with Alexander Hamilton.
Military career
On 1 January 1771 he entered the School of Engineering at Mézières as a second lieutenant. He was a military engineer at the Fort de Joux in 1786, in 1789 he was captain with the Royal corps of Engineers.After the session of the National Constituent Assembly, he resumed as a captain in the engineering corps, and continued to defend the constitutional principles. On 1 January 1792, Louis XVI gave him the Cross of St. Louis.
In 1792, he was a subordinate under Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, at Metz. He, Lafayette, and some other officers were taken prisoner by the Austrians near Rochefort when de Pusy asked for rights of transit through Austrian territory on behalf of a group of French officers. This was initially granted, as it had been for others fleeing France, but was revoked when the famous Lafayette was recognized. He was imprisoned by the Austrians at the fortress of Olomouc in 1792. He was released in 1797, under the terms of the treaty of Campo-Formio.
He the then went to Hamburg. From there he traveled to the United States, where he received a warm welcome as Lafayette companion in misfortune. He was offered vast, land grants on the banks of the Delaware River, but he had not given up on returning to France, and when the consulate government had, after the coup of 18 Brumaire, struck off the list of émigrés members of the National Constituent Assembly who had recognized the sovereignty of the people, he hastened to return.
In 1799, he corresponded with Thomas Jefferson.
Consulate and empire
On 11 Brumaire X, the First Consul appointed him the prefect of Allier, and then, on 11 Thermidor X, that of the Rhône; it showed a very conciliatory spirit, and showed himself able administrator.He was made a Commandeurs of the Legion of Honour on 25 Prairial XII. He was appointed prefect of Gênes on 15 Messidor year XIII ; he had to suppress a riot of Parma, and was able to without shedding a drop of blood. He caught an illness that he died from on this exposition. He died on 2 February 1806 in Genoa.