Japanese Regional Leagues

Japanese Regional Leagues are a group of parallel association football leagues in Japan that are organised on the regional basis. They form the fifth and sixth tier of the Japanese association football league system below the nationwide Japan Football League.

Overview

Japan is divided regionally in a variety of ways, some of them administrative and some more historical. For football purposes, the country is divided into nine regions.
All regional league champions earn the right to participate in the Regional Football League Competition at the end of the year. Runners-up may also qualify according to criteria set by the Japan Football Association.
Regional league clubs also compete in the All Japan Senior Football Championship, a cup competition. The winner of this cup also earns a berth in the Regional League promotion series, and the runner-up may also qualify depending on space and JFA criteria.
Regional league clubs must win the qualifying cup in their home prefecture in order to compete in the Emperor's Cup.
Since the divisions rarely go over 10 members, the season is shorter and long summer breaks may be taken.
Among the existing Japanese clubs there are ten that have never played in the regional leagues. They are:

Japan Soccer League co-founders Urawa Red Diamonds, 'JEF United Chiba, Kashiwa Reysol, Cerezo Osaka, Sanfrecce Hiroshima ;
Independent club Shimizu S-Pulse, established as a professional club upon J. League creation in 1992;
Sagan Tosu, took over the folded Tosu Futures in the former JFL in 1997;
Yokohama FC, directly admitted into the Japan Football League in 1999 upon their formation;
Kataller Toyama, formed in 2008 as a result of the fusion of JFL clubs ALO's Hokuriku and YKK AP.
Kagoshima United FC', formed in 2014 as a result of the fusion of Kyushu League clubs Volca Kagoshima and FC Kagoshima, top two in the 2013 Regional Promotion Series, and which joined the JFL as a merged club

Additionally, the forerunners to Tosu Futures, Kashima Antlers, Avispa Fukuoka and Vissel Kobe were originally based in different regions from where they, or their successors, are based today:

Kashima Antlers were originally based in Kansai but moved to Kantō in 1975 after reaching the JSL;
Tosu Futures were originally based in Tōkai but moved to Kyushu in 1994 after reaching the former JFL;
Avispa Fukuoka was originally based in Tōkai but moved to Kyushu in 1994 after reaching the former JFL;
Vissel Kobe was originally based in Chūgoku but moved to Kansai in 1995 after reaching the former JFL.