Jangladesh
Jangladesh, also known as Jangaldesh or Janglu, was a historical region in what is now northern Rajasthan. It included the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, and parts of Sirsa. It was bounded on the south by Marwar and Jaisalmer, and on the east by Ajmer-Merwara.
The term Jangladesh means "rough and dry country", and it is first mentioned in the Mahabharata, although it does not mention an exact location. Later Sanskrit texts, such as Bhava Prakasha and Shabdakalpadruma Kosha, suggested that the land was a hot, arid region, where trees grow with little water.
History
The core territory of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari was in this region, and it was known as both Sapadalaksha and Jangala-desha.Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the political landscape had changed. Much of the northern and western regions were ruled by the Bhati Rajputs. Around Bhatner, there were many settlements of Muslim Bhattis and Johiyas. The remaining regions were controlled by Jats, who were ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customs.
In the 15th century, Rao Bika, emboldened by the prophecies of Karni Mata, successfully led a coalition of Rathores, Charans, and Godara Jats, and captured the region. As a result, most Jat chieftains had to accept the suzerainty of the Bikaner State. Bika also saved the Jats from the predations of the Bhatis, acting as their buffer. The region was subsequently renamed to Bikaner, and would later be incorporated into the Rajputana Agency.