J. W. Lonoaea
J. W. Lonoaea was a politician of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi who served in the House of Representatives of the Legislature of the Kingdom from 1872 until his death. Following the death of King Lunalilo, it fell to the legislature to choose the next monarch from amongst the native-born high chiefs, though only three candidates were considered seriously: Bernice Pauahi Bishop, David Kalākaua, and Queen Emma. Lonoaea voted with the majority in supporting Kalākaua, and was one of the thirteen legislators to be injured by supporters of Queen Emma in the ensuing 1874 Honolulu Courthouse riot. Lonoaea was the only legislator who did not survive his injuries.
Life and career
Lonoaea entered the service of the Hawaiian government during the last year of the reign of King Kamehameha V. His election as a member of the House of Representatives the lower house of the Hawaiian legislature) for the district of Wailuku on the island of Maui was reported on February 14, 1872; he was re-elected in 1874 for a second term. He served as a representative from 1872 to 1874, including the regular biennial session of 1872 and the two extra sessions in 1873 and 1874. King Kamehameha V was the ruling monarch at when Lonoaea began his first legislative term, but died at the end of 1872; having no heir, the 1864 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii called for the legislature to select the next monarch. By both popular vote and the unanimous decision of the legislators, Lunalilo became the first elected king of Hawaii.1874 election and riot
On February 12, 1874, following the death of King Lunalilo, a special session was called to elect a new monarch from amongst the aliʻi; this was the second time in Hawaiian history that this duty fell to the legislature. During the election that followed, David Kalākaua ran against Queen Emma, the widow of Kamehameha IV who had reigned until his death in 1863. Bernice Pauahi Bishop, who had previously declined the throne in 1872 when it was offered by Kamehameha V, was also considered. During the session, Lonoaea offered opening prayers before legislative president Paul Nahaolelua took the chair. The assembly voted thirty-nine to six in favor of Kalākaua over Emma.The subsequent announcement triggered the Honolulu Courthouse riot as Emmaite supporters hunted down and attacked native legislators who supported Kalākaua. Historian Jon Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio noted that "the attacks were conducted by Natives against Natives over issues of loyalty and kanaka identity". The rioters targeted mainly these men, tearing apart the courthouse and creating makeshift clubs to use as bludgeons. One legislator was thrown from a second-story window of the courthouse. In order to quell the civil disruption, American and British troops were landed with the permission of the Hawaiian government, and the rioters were arrested.