Ipoh
Ipoh is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Perak. Located on the Kinta River, it is nearly north of Kuala Lumpur and southeast of George Town in neighbouring Penang. As of the 2020 census Ipoh had a population of 759,952, making it the ninth-largest city in Malaysia by population and the fourth most populous state capital, after Johor Bahru, Shah Alam and George Town.
In recent years, Ipoh's popularity as an international tourist destination has been significantly boosted by efforts to conserve its British colonial-era architecture. The city is also well known for its cuisine and natural attractions including limestone hills and caves within which Buddhist temples were built.
Ipoh's location between Kuala Lumpur and George Town has made it a major land transportation hub within West Malaysia, with both the Malayan Railway's West Coast Line and the North-South Expressway cutting through the city. Aside land transportation, Ipoh is served by the Sultan Azlan Shah Airport.
Etymology
The name Ipoh is derived from the Malay name of Antiaris toxicaria which grows locally. The sap of this plant, which is poisonous, was mixed with Strychnos latex by Aslians to coat the tips of their blowpipe darts for hunting.History
Originally a village, Ipoh began to grow rapidly in the 1880s after huge deposits of tin were discovered within its vicinity. Its geographic location in the rich tin-bearing valley of the Kinta River made it a natural centre of growth.The Great Fire of Ipoh in 1892 destroyed over half the town, but also presented an opportunity to rebuild the town in a more orderly grid pattern. By 1895, it was the second largest town within the Federated Malay States, which also consisted of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Pahang. Ipoh was then rebuilt in time for the second tin rush and grew rapidly as a result of the booming tin mining industry, particularly in the 1920s and 1930s.
A local Hakka miner, millionaire Yau Tet Shin, started developing a large tract of the town in the early 1930s, today known as the "New Town", from the eastern bank of the Kinta River to Greentown. In 1937, Ipoh was made the capital of Perak, replacing Taiping.
Ipoh was invaded by the Japanese on 15 December 1941. In March 1942, the Japanese Civil Administration or Perak Shu Seicho was set up at St. Michael's Institution. After the liberation of Malaya by British forces, Ipoh remained the capital of Perak as it does to this day. After depletion of its tin deposits and the collapse of tin prices in the 1970s, the city suffered decades of decline and neglect. With the closure of the tin mines, its urban population was forced to seek employment in other cities within Malaysia. In spite of this, Ipoh remains one of the largest cities in Malaysia in terms of population, with tourism now a main driver of the city's economy.
Ipoh gained municipal status in 1962, and in 1988 it was declared a city by the Sultan of Perak, Sultan Azlan Shah.
Geography
Topography
Ipoh is in the state of Perak, which is in the central part of Peninsular Malaysia. The city is in the middle of the karstic Kinta Valley region, on the bank of the Kinta River and the confluence of the smaller rivers Sungai Pinji and Sungai Pari. Hills of limestone, called mogotes, surround the city, which can be found around suburban areas to the northeast, east and southeast.The Keledang mountain range stretches from the north to the west of the city. This range runs parallel to the Bintang mountain range with the Perak River running on its left bank and the Kinta River to its right. This range is interrupted to the north of Ipoh by a tributary of the Perak River called the Pelus River, which is sourced from the Titiwangsa mountain range, which runs to the east of Ipoh.
Climate
Ipoh has a tropical rainforest climate. Ipoh is more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and very rarely has cyclones, therefore it can be described as having an equatorial climate. The city's temperature shows little variation throughout the year, the average temperature being. Ipoh sees high precipitation throughout the year with an average of of rain each month and averaging of rain per year. The wettest month is October when on average of rain falls. Ipoh's driest month is January which has of rainfall on average.Limestone caves
s are the most prominent natural features of the city. There are many caves in these outcrops, some of which have cave temples built in them. The Sam Poh Tong Temple is a notable example, along with Kek Lok Tong; Cavern of Utmost Happiness), which lies on the other side of the same outcrop. It is accessible through the Gunung Rapat housing area. Other cave temples in Ipoh include Ling Sen Tong, Nan Tian Tong, Kwan Yin Tong and Perak Tong.Gua Tempurung, near Gopeng, south of Ipoh, is a show cave open to the public and popular among spelunkers. More than long, it is one of the longest caves in Peninsular Malaysia. Part of it has been developed with electric lighting and walkways, and there are tours of varying lengths and difficulty. A river passage runs about through the hill. There are five large chambers, filled with spectacular speleothems which include stalactites and stalagmites.
Economy
In its early history, Ipoh as a settlement was built around its mining industry, although inferior to that of Gopeng, some to the south. Ipoh was once one of the richest cities in Malaysia and South East Asia, in the days when tin was its major product. During the 1980s, when tin prices collapsed, the economy of Ipoh was affected significantly. However, the city has since experienced economic growth. The city of Ipoh hosts the headquarters of several large multinational corporations, such as: Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad, a major palm oil company; Batu Kawan Berhad, an investment company which holds the majority share in Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad; Hovid Berhad, a major Malaysian pharmaceutical company; and Old Town White Coffee, a food and beverage giant originating from Ipoh which specializes in white coffee. Other public listed companies in Ipoh include, Perak Transit Berhad, Tasek Cement Berhad, DKLS Industries Berhad, Wellcall Holding Berhad, Rubberex Berhad, and Perak Corp. Ipoh also hosts the Malaysian headquarters for several foreign multinational companies, including Finisar, Voith, ITL Asia Pacific, and Sagami Manufacturers.Governance
The Ipoh City Council governs the city. Datuk Rumaizi Baharin, appointed in April 2020, is the mayor of Ipoh. Ipoh is divided into two parliamentary constituencies: Ipoh Barat and Ipoh Timor. The parliamentary seat for Ipoh Barat is held by Democratic Action Party Representative M. Kulasegaran. The seat for Ipoh Timor is held by fellow DAP leader Howard Lee Chuan How. As of 2022, there were 233,000 voters in Ipoh. Most of the voters in Ipoh are Chinese, followed by Malays, Indians and others.Demographics
Ipoh is one of Malaysia's largest cities. As of 2010, the municipal area of Ipoh has a population of 657,892. It ranks as the seventh most populous urban centre in Malaysia.These are statistics from the Department of Statistics Malaysia 2010 census.
Town Layout / Cityscape
See List of Ipoh areasCulture
Cuisine
Ipoh has a significant food scene with many hawker centres and restaurants. It has dishes derived from Malay, Chinese and Indian cuisine. SeeFilm and television
Movies filmed in Ipoh include:- 1992: Indochine
- 1999: Anna and the King
- 2003: Kadhal Kisu Kisu
- 2005: Sepet
- 2005: Gubra
- 2006: After This Our Exile
- 2006: Goodbye Boys
- 2006: Lust, Caution
- 2015: ''Blackhat''
Greenery & Public Parks
- D. R. Seenivasagam Park
- Sultan Abdul Aziz Recreational Park
- Kledang Saiong Forest Eco Park
- Botani Eco Park
Theme parks
Famous attractions
A list of attractions:- Qing Xing Ling Leisure & Cultural Village
- Kek Look Tong Cave Temple
- Perak Cave Temple
- Banjaran Hotsprings Retreat
- Tasik Cermin
- Gunung Lang Recreational Park
- Pavilion Petting Zoo & Gunung Lang Climbing Park
- Funtasy House Trick Art
- Fujiwara Tofa Shop
- Kinta Riverfront
- Ipoh Town Hall
- Market Lane
- Trail of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and His Comrades in Ipoh
- Sam Poh Tong Temple
- Ipoh Railway Station
- Sultan Azlan Shah Roundabout
Transport
Roads
The old interstate Federal Route 1 connects Ipoh with other major towns and cities in peninsular Malaysia, for example to Alor Setar, Taiping and Penang to the north and Tapah, Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and even Johor Bahru in the south. Motorists from the east coast can use Federal Route 4 in northern Perak or Federal Route 185.The new North–South Expressway is a faster and more efficient alternative to Route 1. However, some towns like Kampar can only be accessible via Route 1.