Demographics of Iceland

The demographics of Iceland include population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As of 2025, the Icelandic population is 393,160. In 2024, 69,691 residents were immigrants.
About 99% of the nation's inhabitants live in localities with populations greater than 200, and 64% live in the Capital Region.

History

The population of Iceland probably wavered between about 30,000 and 80,000 for most of the time since settlement. Official statistics begin in 1703, since when the population has grown from 50,358 to 389,000.

Migration

Settlement

Most Icelandic people are descendants of Norwegian settlers, and of Gaels from Ireland and Scotland who were brought over as slaves during the settlement of Iceland in the ninth century AD. Recent DNA analysis suggests that about 66 percent of the male settler-era population was of Norse ancestry and that the female population was 60 percent Celtic. Iceland remained extremely homogenous from its settlement era until the twentieth century.

Emigration

Large numbers of Icelanders began to emigrate from Iceland in the 1850s. It has been estimated that 17,000 Icelanders migrated to North America in the period 1870–1914, and that 2,000 of them moved back to Iceland; this net loss, 15,000, was about 20% of the Icelandic population in 1887. According to historian Gunnar Karlsson, "migration from Iceland is unique in that most went to Canada, whereas from most or all other European countries the majority went to the United States. This was partly due to the late beginning of emigration from Iceland after the Canadian authorities had begun to promote emigration in cooperation with the Allan Line, which already had an agent in Iceland in 1873. Contrary to most European countries, this promotion campaign was successful in Iceland, because emigration was only just about to start from there and Icelandic emigrants had no relatives in the United States to help them take the first steps".
In the wake of the 2008 Icelandic financial crisis, many Icelanders went to work abroad.

Immigration

Before the 1990s, there was little immigration to Iceland, and most of it was from other Scandinavian countries: about 1% of Icelanders in 1900 were of Danish heritage. In the mid-1990s, 95% of Icelanders had parents of Icelandic origin, and 2% of Icelanders were first-generation immigrants.
Immigration to Iceland rose rapidly in the late twentieth century, encouraged by Iceland's accession to the European Economic Area in 1994, its entry into the Schengen Agreement in 2001, and the country's economic boom in the early twenty-first century. The largest ethnic minority is Poles, who are about a third of the immigrant population. In 2017, 10.6% of the people were first-generation immigrants.
Iceland is also developing relatively small populations of religious minorities, including Catholics, Baháʼís, Jews in Iceland|Jews], Buddhists, Muslims, and Eastern Orthodox.
Research on the experience of immigrants to Iceland is in its early days. There is some evidence that racism is not as acute in Iceland as in neighbouring countries. But, while it is popularly believed in Iceland that racism does not exist there, there is evidence that in some respects immigrant populations experience prejudice and inequalities. For example, Iceland has a higher dropout rate from upper secondary school among young immigrants than the EEA average.
Iceland does not formally collect data on the ethnicity or racial identification of its citizens, but does collect data of the origin and background group by birth.

Migration data

Year	Total Immigration	Total Emigration	Total Net Immigration	Icelandic Citizens Immigration	Icelandic Citizens Emigration	Icelandic Net Immigration	Foreign Citizens Immigration	Foreign Citizens Emigration	Foreign Citizens Net Immigration
1961	1,618	1,689	-71	1,438	1,568	-130	180	121	59
1962	1,728	1,730	-2	1,521	1,557	-36	207	173	34
1963	1,524	1,600	-76	1,308	1,422	-114	216	178	38
1964	1,753	1,673	80	1,459	1,480	-21	294	193	101
1965	1,812	1,781	31	1,488	1,536	-48	324	245	79
1966	1,832	1,727	105	1,469	1,459	10	363	268	95
1967	2,146	1,992	154	1,633	1,582	51	513	410	103
1968	2,358	2,216	142	1,647	1,696	-49	711	520	191
1969	2,198	2,077	121	1,401	1,476	-75	797	601	196
1970	2,326	2,169	157	1,350	1,418	-68	976	751	225
1971	2,136	2,010	126	1,184	1,303	-119	952	707	245
1972	2,213	1,907	306	1,087	1,150	-63	1,126	757	369
1973	2,705	2,087	618	1,163	1,141	22	1,542	946	596
1974	2,802	2,007	795	1,144	1,031	113	1,658	976	682
1975	2,630	1,890	740	1,114	979	135	1,516	911	605
1976	2,736	2,028	708	1,171	1,076	95	1,565	952	613
1977	2,688	1,971	717	1,041	963	78	1,647	1,008	639
1978	2,592	2,080	512	1,022	1,013	9	1,570	1,067	503
1979	2,402	2,146	256	1,005	1,012	-7	1,397	1,134	263
1980	2,437	2,368	69	1,030	1,113	-83	1,407	1,255	152
1981	2,195	2,262	-67	926	1,001	-75	1,269	1,261	8
1982	2,203	2,144	59	976	969	7	1,227	1,175	52
1983	2,073	2,066	7	954	974	-20	1,119	1,092	27
1984	2,239	2,124	115	955	939	16	1,284	1,185	99
1985	2,242	2,243	-1	942	972	-30	1,300	1,271	29
1986	2,401	2,362	39	999	1,039	-40	1,402	1,323	79
1987	2,425	2,484	-59	980	1,050	-70	1,445	1,434	11
1988	2,736	2,753	-17	1,105	1,131	-26	1,631	1,622	9
1989	3,066	2,777	289	1,278	1,182	96	1,788	1,595	193
1990	3,498	2,908	590	1,415	1,229	186	2,083	1,679	404
1991	3,052	2,566	486	1,305	1,087	218	1,747	1,479	268
1992	2,769	2,452	317	1,124	1,011	113	1,645	1,441	204
1993	3,001	2,644	357	1,279	1,137	142	1,722	1,507	215
1994	3,029	2,651	378	1,225	1,126	99	1,804	1,525	279
1995	3,154	2,623	531	1,169	1,040	129	1,985	1,583	402
1996	3,865	3,062	803	1,429	1,137	292	2,436	1,925	511
1997	4,597	3,404	1,193	1,770	1,374	396	2,827	2,030	797
1998	4,412	3,498	914	1,566	1,351	215	2,846	2,147	699
1999	4,266	3,445	821	1,476	1,245	231	2,790	2,200	590
2000	4,089	3,433	656	1,574	1,329	245	2,515	2,104	411
2001	5,002	4,034	968	2,487	2,959	-472	2,515	1,075	1,440
2002	4,215	4,490	-275	2,360	3,380	-1,020	1,855	1,110	745
2003	3,704	3,837	-133	2,351	2,964	-613	1,353	873	480
2004	5,348	4,820	528	2,838	3,276	-438	2,510	1,544	966
2005	7,773	3,913	3,860	3,093	2,975	118	4,680	938	3,742
2006	9,832	4,577	5,255	2,762	3,042	-280	7,070	1,535	5,535
2007	12,546	7,414	5,132	3,228	3,395	-167	9,318	4,019	5,299
2008	10,288	9,144	1,144	2,817	3,294	-477	7,471	5,850	1,621
2009	5,777	10,612	-4,835	2,385	4,851	-2,466	3,392	5,761	-2,369
2010	5,625	7,759	-2,134	2,637	4,340	-1,703	2,988	3,419	-431
2011	9,457	10,571	-1,114	6,163	7,521	-1,358	3,294	3,050	244
2012	9,869	9,781	88	6,536	7,380	-844	3,333	2,401	932
2013	11,166	9,402	1,764	6,778	6,746	32	4,388	2,656	1,732
2014	10,939	9,892	1,047	6,113	6,912	-799	4,826	2,980	1,846
2015	11,629	10,526	1,103	6,077	7,194	-1,117	5,552	3,332	2,220
2016	15,368	10,574	4,794	6,765	6,543	222	8,603	4,031	4,572
2017	19,045	11,140	7,905	6,556	5,977	579	12,489	5,163	7,326
2018	18,538	13,207	5,331	6,062	6,127	-65	12,476	7,080	5,396
2019	16,529	14,065	2,464	5,800	6,146	-346	10,729	7,919	2,810
2020	15,249	13,170	2,079	6,301	5,389	912	8,948	7,781	1,167
2021	15,416	11,288	4,128	5,426	4,679	747	9,990	6,609	3,381
2022	22,209	13,549	8,660	5,220	5,746	-526	16,989	7,803	9,186
2023	21,560	14,771	6,789	4,939	5,154	-215	16,621	9,617	7,004
2024	19,789	15,745	4,044	4,993	5,132	-139	14,796	10,613	4,183

Due to a shortage of labor, immigration to Iceland will most likely increase in the future. As of 2024, immigrants made up over 18% of Iceland's total population.

Patronymy

Most Icelandic names are based on patronymy, and consist of the given name followed by the father's first given name, followed by "son" or "daughter". For example, Magnús and Anna, children of a man named Pétur Jónsson, would have the full names Magnús Pétursson and Anna Pétursdóttir, respectively. Magnús's daughter Sigríður Ásta would be Sigríður Ásta Magnúsdóttir, and would remain so for the rest of her life regardless of marriage. An Icelandic patronymic is essentially only a designation of fatherhood, and is therefore redundant in Icelandic social life except to differentiate people of the same first name the phone directory, for example, lists people by their given name first, patronymic second. Thus it has little in common with surnames in other countries except for its position after the given name. It is legally possible in Iceland to use a matronymic instead of a patronymic, using the mother's name instead of the father's. Use of the patronymic system is required by law, except for descendants of those who acquired family names before 1913. One notable Icelander with an inherited family name is football star Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen.

Urbanisation

According to University of Iceland economists Davíd F. Björnsson and Gylfi Zoega, "The policies of the colonial masters in Copenhagen delayed urbanisation. The Danish king maintained a monopoly in trade with Iceland from 1602 until 1855, which made the price of fish artificially low – the price of fish was higher in Britain – and artificially raised the price of agricultural products. Instead, Denmark bought the fish caught from Iceland at below world market prices. Although the trade monopoly ended in 1787, Icelanders could not trade freely with other countries until 1855. Following trade liberalisation, there was a substantial increase in fish exports to Britain, which led to an increase in the number of sailing ships used in fishing, introduced for the first time in 1780. The growth of the fishing industry then created demand for capital, and in 1885 Parliament created the first state bank. In 1905 came the first motorised fishing vessel, which marked an important step in the development of a specialised fishing industry in Iceland. Iceland exported fresh fish to Britain and salted cod to southern Europe, with Portugal an important export market. Fishing replaced agriculture as the country’s main industry. These developments set the stage for the urbanisation that was to follow in the twentieth century."
A 2017 study looking at individuals going to the capital area for higher education found that "Only about one in three University of Iceland students from regions beyond commuting distance return after graduation, while about half remain in the capital area and others mostly emigrate."

Religion

In 2016, 71.6% of the population belonged to the state church, approximately 5% in free churches, 3.7% to the Roman Catholic Church, approximately 1% to the Ásatrúarfélagið, approximately 1% to Zuism, 8% in unrecognized or unspecified religious groups, and 9% do not belong to any religious group.

Icelandic National Registry

All living Icelanders, as well as all foreign citizens with permanent residence in Iceland, have a personal identification number identifying them in the National Registry. This number is composed of 10 digits, whereof the first six are made up of the individual's birth date in the format DDMMYY. The next two digits are chosen at random when the kennitala is allocated, the 9th digit is a check digit, and the last digit indicates the period of one hundred years in which the individual was born. An example would be 120192-3389. While similar, all-inclusive personal registries exist in other countries, the use of the national registry is unusually extensive in Iceland. It is worth noting that the completeness of the National Registry eliminates any need for census to be performed.

Summary of vital statistics since 1900

Data according to Statistics Iceland, which collects the official statistics for Iceland.

Year	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Natural change	Total fertility rate	Tempo adjusted fertility rate
1900	78,100	2,237	1,545	692	28.6	19.8	8.9	3.93	-
1901	78,400	2,179	1,155	1,024	27.8	14.7	13.1	3.86	-
1902	78,900	2,220	1,262	958	27.9	16.0	12.1	3.95	-
1903	79,400	2,244	1,324	920	28.3	16.7	11.6	4.00	-
1904	80,000	2,293	1,242	1,051	28.7	15.5	13.2	4.09	-
1905	80,700	2,271	1,435	836	28.1	17.8	10.4	4.02	-
1906	81,600	2,346	1,193	1,153	28.8	14.6	14.1	4.14	-
1907	82,500	2,304	1,396	908	27.9	16.9	11.0	4.04	-
1908	83,300	2,270	1,594	676	27.3	19.1	8.1	4.01	-
1909	84,100	2,283	1,263	1,020	27.1	15.0	12.1	4.00	-
1910	84,900	2,171	1,304	867	25.6	15.4	10.2	3.79	-
1911	85,400	2,205	1,152	1,053	25.8	13.5	12.3	3.80	-
1912	85,900	2,234	1,171	1,063	26.0	13.6	12.4	3.82	-
1913	86,600	2,216	1,060	1,156	25.6	12.2	13.3	3.76	-
1914	87,600	2,338	1,428	910	26.7	16.3	10.4	3.90	-
1915	88,600	2,446	1,376	1,070	27.6	15.5	12.1	4.00	-
1916	89,000	2,377	1,322	1,055	26.6	14.8	11.8	3.81	-
1917	91,000	2,427	1,111	1,316	26.8	12.3	14.5	3.82	-
1918	92,000	2,441	1,518	923	26.6	16.6	10.1	3.78	-
1919	92,000	2,342	1,169	1,173	25.4	12.7	12.7	3.62	-
1920	94,000	2,627	1,360	1,267	28.1	14.5	13.6	3.96	-
1921	95,000	2,601	1,478	1,123	27.4	15.6	11.8	3.87	-
1922	96,000	2,546	1,280	1,266	26.6	13.4	13.2	3.72	-
1923	97,000	2,612	1,287	1,325	26.9	13.3	13.7	3.77	-
1924	98,000	2,525	1,462	1,063	25.7	14.9	10.8	3.62	-
1925	99,000	2,554	1,229	1,325	25.7	12.4	13.3	3.59	-
1926	101,000	2,676	1,121	1,555	26.5	11.1	15.4	3.71	-
1927	103,000	2,642	1,282	1,360	25.8	12.5	13.3	3.59	-
1928	104,000	2,542	1,124	1,418	24.4	10.8	13.6	3.40	-
1929	106,000	2,644	1,237	1,407	25.0	11.7	13.3	3.47	-
1930	107,000	2,808	1,248	1,560	26.1	11.6	14.5	3.59	-
1931	109,000	2,804	1,277	1,527	25.7	11.7	14.0	3.53	-
1932	111,000	2,696	1,191	1,505	24.4	10.8	13.6	3.31	-
1933	112,000	2,531	1,159	1,372	22.5	10.3	12.2	3.07	-
1934	114,000	2,597	1,181	1,416	22.8	10.4	12.4	3.10	-
1935	115,000	2,551	1,402	1,149	22.1	12.2	10.0	2.99	-
1936	116,000	2,557	1,253	1,304	22.0	10.8	11.2	2.98	-
1937	117,000	2,397	1,317	1,080	20.4	11.2	9.2	2.78	-
1938	118,000	2,374	1,207	1,167	20.1	10.2	9.9	2.71	-
1939	120,000	2,363	1,160	1,203	19.8	9.7	10.1	2.68	-
1940	121,000	2,480	1,200	1,280	20.5	9.9	10.6	2.75	-
1941	122,000	2,634	1,352	1,282	21.6	11.1	10.5	2.91	-
1942	123,000	3,005	1,293	1,712	24.4	10.5	13.9	3.26	-
1943	125,000	3,173	1,268	1,905	25.4	10.1	15.2	3.36	-
1944	127,000	3,213	1,218	1,995	25.3	9.6	15.7	3.34	-
1945	129,000	3,434	1,179	2,255	26.6	9.1	17.5	3.55	-
1946	132,000	3,434	1,121	2,313	26.1	8.5	17.6	3.47	-
1947	134,000	3,706	1,162	2,544	27.6	8.6	18.9	3.67	-
1948	137,000	3,821	1,114	2,707	27.8	8.1	19.7	3.72	-
1949	140,000	3,884	1,106	2,778	27.8	7.9	19.9	3.73	-
1950	143,000	4,093	1,122	2,971	28.7	7.9	20.8	3.86	-
1951	145,000	3,999	1,145	2,854	27.5	7.9	19.6	3.72	-
1952	148,000	4,075	1,082	2,993	27.5	7.3	20.2	3.79	-
1953	151,000	4,254	1,118	3,136	28.1	7.4	20.7	3.94	-
1954	154,000	4,281	1,064	3,217	27.7	6.9	20.8	3.91	-
1955	158,000	4,505	1,099	3,406	28.5	7.0	21.5	4.07	-
1956	161,000	4,603	1,153	3,450	28.5	7.2	21.3	4.14	-
1957	165,000	4,725	1,157	3,568	28.6	7.0	21.6	4.20	-
1958	168,000	4,641	1,165	3,476	27.5	6.9	20.6	4.09	-
1959	172,000	4,837	1,242	3,595	28.1	7.2	20.9	4.24	-
1960	176,000	4,916	1,167	3,749	28.0	6.6	21.4	4.27	-
1961	179,000	4,563	1,248	3,315	25.5	7.0	18.5	3.88	-
1962	182,000	4,711	1,237	3,474	25.9	6.8	19.1	3.98	-
1963	186,000	4,820	1,327	3,493	26.0	7.1	18.9	3.98	-
1964	189,000	4,787	1,315	3,472	25.3	7.0	18.3	3.86	-
1965	192,000	4,721	1,291	3,430	24.6	6.7	17.9	3.71	-
1966	196,000	4,692	1,391	3,301	24.0	7.1	16.9	3.58	-
1967	199,000	4,404	1,385	3,019	22.2	7.0	15.2	3.28	-
1968	201,000	4,227	1,390	2,837	21.0	6.9	14.1	3.07	-
1969	203,000	4,218	1,451	2,767	20.8	7.1	13.7	2.99	-
1970	204,000	4,023	1,457	2,566	19.7	7.1	12.6	2.81	-
1971	206,000	4,277	1,501	2,776	20.8	7.3	13.5	2.92	-
1972	209,000	4,676	1,447	3,229	22.3	6.9	15.4	3.09	-
1973	212,000	4,598	1,475	3,123	21.7	6.9	14.8	2.95	-
1974	215,000	4,276	1,495	2,781	19.9	6.9	13.0	2.66	-
1975	218,000	4,384	1,412	2,972	20.1	6.5	13.6	2.65	-
1976	220,000	4,291	1,343	2,948	19.5	6.1	13.4	2.52	-
1977	222,000	3,996	1,435	2,561	18.0	6.5	11.5	2.31	-
1978	224,000	4,162	1,421	2,741	18.6	6.4	12.2	2.35	-
1979	226,000	4,475	1,482	2,993	19.8	6.6	13.2	2.49	-
1980	228,000	4,528	1,538	2,990	19.8	6.7	13.1	2.48	-
1981	231,000	4,345	1,656	2,689	18.8	7.2	11.6	2.33	-
1982	234,000	4,337	1,583	2,754	18.5	6.8	11.7	2.26	-
1983	237,000	4,371	1,653	2,718	18.4	7.0	11.4	2.24	-
1984	240,000	4,113	1,584	2,529	17.2	6.6	10.6	2.08	-
1985	241,000	3,856	1,652	2,204	16.0	6.8	9.2	1.93	-
1986	243,000	3,881	1,598	2,283	16.0	6.6	9.4	1.93	-
1987	246,000	4,193	1,724	2,469	17.0	7.0	10.0	2.07	-
1988	250,000	4,673	1,818	2,855	18.7	7.3	11.4	2.27	-
1989	253,000	4,560	1,716	2,844	18.0	6.8	11.2	2.20	-
1990	255,000	4,768	1,704	3,064	18.7	6.7	12.0	2.31	-
1991	258,000	4,533	1,796	2,737	17.6	7.0	10.6	2.19	-
1992	261,000	4,609	1,719	2,890	17.7	6.6	11.1	2.21	-
1993	264,000	4,623	1,753	2,870	17.5	6.6	10.9	2.22	-
1994	266,000	4,442	1,717	2,725	16.7	6.4	10.3	2.14	-
1995	267,000	4,280	1,923	2,357	16.0	7.2	8.8	2.08	-
1996	269,000	4,329	1,879	2,450	16.1	7.0	9.1	2.12	-
1997	271,000	4,151	1,843	2,308	15.3	6.8	8.5	2.04	-
1998	274,000	4,178	1,821	2,357	15.3	6.7	8.6	2.05	-
1999	277,000	4,100	1,901	2,199	14.9	6.9	8.0	1.99	-
2000	281,000	4,315	1,828	2,487	15.5	6.5	9.0	2.08	-
2001	285,000	4,091	1,725	2,366	14.4	6.1	8.3	1.95	-
2002	288,000	4,049	1,822	2,227	14.1	6.3	7.8	1.93	-
2003	290,000	4,143	1,826	2,317	14.3	6.3	8.0	1.99	-
2004	292,000	4,234	1,824	2,410	14.5	6.2	8.3	2.03	-
2005	297,000	4,280	1,837	2,443	14.4	6.2	8.2	2.05	-
2006	304,000	4,415	1,903	2,512	14.7	6.3	8.4	2.07	-
2007	308,000	4,560	1,943	2,617	14.9	6.3	8.6	2.09	-
2008	315,000	4,835	1,987	2,848	15.4	6.2	9.2	2.14	-
2009	318,000	5,026	2,002	3,024	15.8	6.3	9.5	2.22	-
2010	315,000	4,907	2,020	2,887	15.6	6.4	9.2	2.20	2.38
2011	312,000	4,492	1,986	2,506	14.4	6.4	8.0	2.02	2.24
2012	314,000	4,533	1,955	2,578	14.4	6.2	8.2	2.04	2.49
2013	318,000	4,326	2,154	2,172	13.6	6.8	6.8	1.93	2.21
2014	321,000	4,375	2,049	2,326	13.6	6.4	7.2	1.93	2.02
2015	324,500	4,129	2,178	1,951	12.7	6.7	6.0	1.81	2.16
2016	329,300	4,034	2,309	1,725	12.2	7.0	5.2	1.75	2.21
2017	337,300	4,071	2,239	1,832	12.1	6.6	5.4	1.71	2.17
2018	345,800	4,228	2,257	1,971	12.2	6.5	5.7	1.71	2.53
2019	351,800	4,452	2,277	2,175	12.7	6.5	6.2	1.74	2.11
2020	356,200	4,512	2,308	2,204	12.7	6.5	6.2	1.72	1.57
2021	361,600	4,879	2,338	2,541	13.5	6.5	7.0	1.82	1.89
2022	370,100	4,382	2,693	1,698	11.8	7.3	4.6	1.67	1.91
2023	379,500	4,315	2,571	1,744	11.4	6.8	4.6	1.59	-
2024	389,500	4,311	2,620	1,691	11.1	6.8	4.3	1.56	-

Current vital statistics

Structure of the population

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	186 941	177 193	364 134	100
0–4	11 029	10 333	21 362	5.87
5–9	11 831	11 396	23 227	6.38
10–14	12 186	11 444	23 630	6.49
15–19	11 289	10 954	22 243	6.11
20–24	13 251	12 519	25 770	7.08
25–29	16 328	14 239	30 567	8.39
30–34	14 816	12 572	27 388	7.52
35–39	13 992	12 081	26 073	7.16
40–44	12 557	11 454	24 011	6.59
45–49	12 007	10 958	22 965	6.31
50–54	11 232	10 795	22 027	6.05
55–59	10 985	10 980	21 965	6.03
60–64	10 288	10 145	20 433	5.61
65-69	8 550	8 431	16 981	4.66
70-74	6 821	6 796	13 617	3.74
75-79	4 402	4 871	9 273	2.55
80-84	2 866	3 272	6 138	1.69
85-89	1 724	2 430	4 154	1.14
90-94	667	1 199	1 866	0.51
95-99	109	285	394	0.11
100+	11	39	50	0.01
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	35 046	33 173	68 219	18.73
15–64	126 745	116 697	243 442	66.86
65+	25 150	27 323	52 473	14.41

Population projection

Life expectancy

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	72.2	1985–1990	77.6
1955–1960	73.2	1990–1995	78.5
1960–1965	73.5	1995–2000	79.1
1965–1970	73.7	2000–2005	80.7
1970–1975	74.2	2005–2010	81.4
1975–1980	76.3	2010–2015	82.2
1980–1985	76.9

Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
;Age structure:
0–14 years:
19.8%

15–64 years:
63.2%

65 years and over:
17.1%
;Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.05 males: 1 female

under 15 years:
1.04 males: 1 female
15–64 years:
1.02 males: 1 female

65 years and over:
0.9 males: 1 female

total population:
1 male: 1 female
;Maternal mortality rate:
3 deaths/100,000 live births
;Infant mortality rate:
1.6 deaths/1,000 live births
;Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
84 years

male:
81.8 years

female:
86.3 years
;Health expenditures:
9.6% of GDP
;Physicians density:
4.14 physicians/1,000 population
;Obesity adult prevalence rate:
21.9%
;Education expenditures:
7.7% of GDP
;Mother's mean age at first birth:
28.7
;Nationality:
noun:
Icelander

adjective:
Icelandic
;Ethnic groups:
78.7% Icelandic, 5.8% Polish, 1% Danish, 1% Ukrainian, 13.5% other
;Religions:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland 58.6%, Roman Catholic 3.8%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%, Pagan Worship 1.5%, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1.4%, other or unspecified 18.7%, none 7.7%
;Languages:
Icelandic.