Iddin-Dagan


Iddin-Dagan was the 3rd king of the dynasty of Isin. He is best known for his participation in the sacred marriage rite and the sexually-explicit hymn that described it.

Reign

Iddin-Dagan was preceded by his father Shu-Ilishu and succeeded by his son Išme-Dagān. The Sumerian King List indicates his reign lasted 21 regnal years. His titles included: “Mighty King” — “King of Isin” — “King of Ur” — “King of the Land of Sumer and Akkad.” Several year-names are known.
YearEvent
01Year Iddin-Dagan king
02Year Matumniatum daughter of Iddin-Dagan was taken in marriage by the king of Anshan
03Year after the year in which Matumniatum daughter of Iddin-Dagan was taken in marriage by the king of Anszan
Year chose the high-priestess of Iszkur
04Year after the year chose the high-priestess of Iszkur
05Year chose by means of the omens the en-priest of Inanna
06Year made a great copper statue for Nin-Isin
07Year after the year made a great copper statue for Nin-Isin
08Year chose by means of the omens the high-priestess of Nin-kilim
09Year Iddin-Dagan elevated to office the en-priest of Inanna
aYear Iddin-Dagan made a throne dais for Iszkur of Karkar.
bYear Iddin-Dagan made a throne dais for the Dublamah of Nanna / the magnificent accounting office of Nanna
b+1Year after the year Iddin-Dagan made the throne dais for the Dublamah of Nanna / the magnificent accounting office of Nanna
cYear Iddin-Dagan the king made a great emblem for Nin-Isin
c+1Year after the year Iddin-Dagan the king made a great emblem for Nin-Isin

Marriage alliance with Anshan

The first year name recorded on a receipt for flour and dates reads: “Year Iddin-Dagān king and daughter Matum-Niatum was taken in marriage by the king of Anshan.” Vallat suggests it was to Imazu as he was described as the King of Anshan in a seal inscription, although elsewhere unattested. Kindattu had been driven away from the city-state of Ur by Išbi-Erra, however; relations had apparently thawed sufficiently for Tan-Ruhurarter His daughter must have been at marriage age when he became king, indicating that the king himself maybe was in his 30s.

Sacred Marriage Hymn

The continued fecundity of the land was ensured by the annual performance of the sacred marriage ritual in which the king impersonated the god Dumuzi-Ama-ušumgal-ana and a priestess played the role of Inanna. A hymn describing Iddin-Dagan's performance of this ritual in ten sections indicates that this ceremony involved a procession of: male prostitutes, wise women, drummers, priestesses, and priests bloodletting with swords to the accompaniment of music, followed by offerings and sacrifices for the goddess Inanna, or Ninegala.
The ceremony reached its climax with the copulation of the king and priestess and is described thus:
There are four extant hymns addressed to Iddin-Dagan: this Sacred Marriage Hymn, a praise poem dedicated to the king, a war song, and a dedicatory prayer.

Attestations

There is only one contemporary monumental text of Iddin-Dagan that is extant. This is a fragment of a stone statue with a votive inscription which invokes Ninisina and Damu to curse those who foster evil intent against it. Two later clay tablets preserve an inscription recording an unspecified object fashioned for the god Nanna. These were found by the British archaeologist Sir Charles Leonard Woolley in a scribal school house in Ur. A tablet from the Enunmaḫ in Ur dated to the 14th year of Gungunum of Larsa, after his conquest of the city, bears the seal impression of a servant of his. A tablet described Iddin-Dagān's fashioning of two copper festival statues for Ninlil, which were not delivered to Nippur until 170 years later by Enlil-bāni. Belles-lettres preserve the correspondence from Iddin-Dagān to his general Sîn-illat about Kakkulātum and the state of his troops, and from his general describing an ambush by the Martu.