Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in the Kona District on Hawaiʻi Island in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It includes the National Historic Landmarked archaeological site known as the Honokōhau Settlement. The park was established on November 10, 1978, for the preservation, protection and interpretation of traditional native Hawaiian activities and culture.
History
Kaloko and Honokōhau are the names of two of the four different ahupuaʻa, or traditional mountain-to-sea land divisions encompassed by the park. Although in ancient times this arid area of lava rock was called kekaha ʻaʻole wai, the abundant sea life attracted settlement for hundreds of years.Kaloko
Kaloko is a site of fishponds used in ancient Hawaiʻi is on the north end of the park.The first reference to the pond comes from the story of Kamalalawalu, about 300 years ago.
The kuapā is over wide and high, stretching for. Constructed by hand without mortar, the angle and gaps between the stones deflected the surf better than many modern concrete seawalls.
ʻAimakapā fishpond is an important wetland area protecting native birds including the koloa maoli, ʻalae keʻokeʻo, āeʻo, auʻkuʻu, among others.
The area is currently under reforestation, after the removal of non-native invasive plants.
It was added to the Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Honokōhau
Honokōhau means "bay drawing dew" and refers to the ancient settlement on the south part of the park.This area can be reached via trails from the park visitor center, or from the small boat harbor access road on Kealakehe Parkway.
Features include loko iʻa, kahua, kiʻi pōhaku, hōlua and heiau.
The ʻAiʻopio Fishtrap is a pond, with a stone wall forming an artificial enclosure along the naturally curved shoreline of a bay.
Small openings allowed young fish to enter from the sea, but as they grew larger they were easily caught with nets inside the trap as needed.
It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
Recreation
Several restored trails include about one mile of the Māmalahoa Trail.It was built in the mid-19th century, and evolved over the years into the Hawaii Belt Road which encircles the entire island.
The coastal trail is part of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail.
The Honokōhau boat harbor provides a launching area for traditional canoes, fishing boats, scuba diving and snorkeling tours of the area.