Hofmann clathrates

In inorganic chemistry, Hofmann clathrates refers to materials with the formula Ni₂. These materials are a type of coordination polymer that have properties of inclusion compounds. They have attracted attention because they can be used to separate xylenes. On a conceptual level, Hofmann clathrates can be viewed as forerunners to metal–organic frameworks.

Structures

The empirical formula Ni₂ reflects the presence of two types of nickel centers, one of which is the square-planar tetracyanonickelate, ^2-. The second kind of nickel site consists of ²⁺ groups that are connected to the Ni-CN nitrogens. Thus cyanide serves as a bridging ligand. The linking of the ^2- and trans-²⁺ subunits results in a sheet-like polymer. Voids between these sheets, defined by the ammonia ligands, are occupied by benzene molecules.

Variations

Many variations of Hofmann clathrates have been reported. The ammonia ligands can be replaced by diamines. Tetracyanonickelate can be replaced by tetracyanopalladate. A wide range of arenes can occupy the benzene site.