Hangul consonant and vowel tables
The following tables of consonants and vowels of the Korean alphabet display the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row. They are divided into initials, vowels, and finals tables.
The jamo shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul, which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal transcription of the Korean language as the overarching Revised Romanization of Korean system takes contextual sound changes into account.
Leading consonants
Called choseong, or "initials", there are 19 initial consonants, whereof one is silent, and five are doubled:| Basic jamo | Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ |
| Basic jamo | RR | g/k | n | d | r/l | m | b | s | -/ng | j | ch | k | t | p | h |
| Composite | Hangul | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | |||||||||
| Composite | RR | kk | tt | pp | ss | jj |
Medial vowels
Called jungseong, or "vowels", there are 21 medial vowels:Trailing consonants
Called jongseong, or "finals", there are 27 final consonants; with the additional case of no final consonant, there is a total of 28 possibilities:| Basic jamo | Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ |
| Basic jamo | RR | g | n | d | r/l | m | b | s | ng | j | ch | k | t | p | h |
| Composite | Hangul | ㄲ | ㄵ | ㄺ | ㅄ | ㅆ | |||||||||
| Composite | RR | kk | nj | lg | bs | ss | |||||||||
| Composite | Hangul | ㄳ | ㄶ | ㄻ | |||||||||||
| Composite | RR | gs | nh | lm | |||||||||||
| Composite | Hangul | ㄼ | |||||||||||||
| Composite | RR | lb | |||||||||||||
| Composite | Hangul | ㄽ | |||||||||||||
| Composite | RR | ls | |||||||||||||
| Composite | Hangul | ㄾ | |||||||||||||
| Composite | RR | lt | |||||||||||||
| Composite | Hangul | ㄿ | |||||||||||||
| Composite | RR | lp | |||||||||||||
| Composite | Hangul | ㅀ | |||||||||||||
| Composite | RR | lh | |||||||||||||
| Composite | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Composite | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Collation
Several collation sequences are used to order words. The North and South differ on the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading and -trailing position, and on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial position.This first sequence is official in South Korea :
| Principle | Sort every composite jamo grouped after their leading single jamo |
| Initial consonants | ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ |
| Vowels | ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ |
| Final consonants | ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ |
Sequences of this second type are common in North Korea:
| Principle | Initial consonants: All single jamo before all doubled jamo; ieung after the doubled jamo Vowels: All single jamo before all composite jamo; for composite jamo, all digraphs before all trigraphs; for digraphs, the ones ending in ㅣ precede others. Final consonants: Doubled jamo after single and composite jamo |
| Initial consonants | ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ㅇ |
| Vowels | ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ |
| Final consonants | ㄱ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㅆ |
Hangul syllabic blocks
With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible vowels, and 28 possible final consonants, there are a total of 19 × 21 × 28 = 11,172 theoretically possible "Korean syllabic blocks", which are contiguously encoded in the 11,172 Unicode code points from U+AC00 through U+D7A3 in the Hangul Syllables Unicode block. However, the majority of these theoretically possible syllabic blocks do not correspond to syllabic blocks found in actual Korean words or proper names.Jump to tables with initial letter: