Hand luggage

The term hand luggage or cabin baggage refers to the type of luggage that passengers are allowed to carry along in the passenger compartment of a vehicle instead of a separate cargo compartment. Passengers are allowed to carry a limited number of smaller bags with them in the vehicle, which typically contain valuables and items needed during the journey. There is normally storage space provided for hand luggage, either under seating, or in overhead lockers. Trains usually have luggage racks above the seats and may also have luggage space between the backs of seats facing opposite directions, or in extra luggage racks, for example, at the ends of the carriage near the doors.

Commercial air travel

Hand baggage allowance is a topic frequently discussed in the context of commercial air travel. On the one hand, passengers may want to have more of their possessions at hand during flight, skip the often time-consuming baggage claim process, and avoid the risk of having their checked baggage lost or damaged. On the other hand, safety concerns, takeoff weight limitations, and financial incentives cause airlines to impose limits on how much and what passengers can take into the aircraft cabin. A large amount of hand luggage also slows the security screening of passengers, and can slow boarding as it takes longer to find space in cabin storage areas.

Retrieval during emergency evacuations

Studies have found that passengers often pause to retrieve cabin baggage during an emergency evacuation, despite instructions to the contrary in pre-flight safety briefings. This is not a new phenomenon, as it was observed during the evacuation of a Boeing 737 that caught fire in 1984. At least one passenger re-entered a Boeing 777 that crashed in 2008 to retrieve personal belongings. Remote locking of overhead baggage bins is being considered as a solution to the issue.
After Aeroflot Flight 1492, which crashed at Sheremetyevo International Airport on 5 May 2019, killing 41 people, videos of the accident showed passengers evacuation with hand luggage. In their final report, the Interstate Aviation Committee described the account of one passenger who saw several other passengers retrieve their hand luggage from the overhead bin. She described how it "prevented other passengers from advancing to the exit" and how it caused "an impassable jam in the aisle to the exit". They report concluded that the retrieval of hand luggage resulted in a prolonging of the evacuation, which led to the passengers being exposed to high temperatures for longer periods of time, and an increase in the severity of the accident.

Allowances

The International Air Transport Association sets guidelines for cabin baggage/hand luggage/carry-on luggage size. As of 2022, the IATA recommends a maximum size of, including protuberances like wheels, handles, and pockets.
The IATA guidelines are voluntary; the actual size and weight limits of cabin baggage imposed by airlines differ widely. In some cases they are dependent on the aircraft model being used, in other cases it depends on the booking class.

Dimensions	Vol.	Linear equiv. †	Airlines and notes
	20 L	85 cm	Ryanair has introduced a smaller carry on size, valid for all new bookings and all flights from 2018-11-01 onwards. It is possible to take also the previous bigger size carry on by booking Priority Boarding.
	24 L	90 cm	Wizz Air free backpack/carry-on, Transavia underseat accessory, Volotea, Vueling
	32 L	100 cm	Japan Airlines on aircraft with under 100 seats on domestic flights
	32 L	101 cm	EasyJet allows one free cabin bag per person which needs to be kept under the seat in front, and can weigh max 15 kg
	35 L	104 cm	Aurigny class Regional or class Inter-Island
	39 L	110 cm	IATA 2015 proposed "Cabin OK" standard, Flybe
	44 L	115 cm	Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, Vueling, Ukraine International Airlines, Air China, Ryanair. Level
	45 L	115 cm	American Airlines,Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, Allegiant Air, Hawaiian Airlines, Jetblue Airways, Nok Air, US Airways
	46 L	115 cm	Virgin Atlantic, Air Asia
	48 L	115 cm	Air France, Malaysia Airlines;. From April 2019, all Brazilian airlines adopt this standard, verifying luggage size before the security checkpoint and weight is limited to 10 kg by ANAC regulations.
	51 L	118 cm	Austrian Airlines, Edelweiss Air, Lufthansa, Swiss Global Air Lines, Swiss International Air Lines also allowed in the cabin: another item of carry-on baggage ;, Air Canada, Wizz Air trolley bag in combination with "WIZZ Priority" service; Scandinavian Airlines ; Norwegian
	53 L	119 cm	Aer Lingus
	55 L	120 cm	All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines on aircraft with at least 100 seats on domestic flights, for all aircraft on international flights, Transavia	63 L	127 cm	Airtran Airways, Frontier Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Virgin America
	63 L	126 cm	IATA guideline size. British Airways ; EasyJet ; Finnair Aegean Airlines ;
22 in × 18 in × 10 in	64 L	127 cm	Spirit Airlines
	66 L	129 cm	Alaska Airlines

† Dimensions are sometimes listed as "linear", meaning that when added together, height, width, and length are not to exceed a certain total number.

Business class, first class passengers and holders of high level mileage club members are often allowed to carry on a second bag of a similar or smaller size and weight.
On smaller sized aircraft, sometimes the hand baggage can be carried to the aircraft door, where it is collected by baggage handlers for stowing in the cargo area and returned to the passenger right after landing.

Security restrictions

Following the increase in restrictions imposed on flights from UK airports and to the US after the events of August 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, hand baggage on such flights was restricted to one cabin bag no bigger than effective since 15 August 2006. On 21 September 2006, the British Airports Authority advised that from the following day, the allowable size of the single item of hand baggage on outgoing flights from the UK would be increased to 56 cm × 45 cm × 25 cm, the IATA guideline size. Most UK airports still have a strict limit of one piece of cabin baggage per passenger, including business class.

European Union

A common regulation for cabin baggage restrictions was introduced on 6 November 2006 in European Union and in Switzerland, Norway and Iceland.

Restrictions on liquids:
* only liquids with max 100 ml per piece
* all pieces assembled in a single zippable plastic bag of max 1000ml
* the plastic resealable bag must not exceed
* maximum of 1 plastic bag per passenger
* liquids include gels and lotions, lip sticks, moist paper tissue, contact lens solution
* Exceptions:
** prescribed medicine of any size, non-prescribed medicine-only items
** baby milk and other items for infants
** nutrition for diabetes diet
Restrictions on dangerous objects:
* Firearms and other projectile weapons
* sharp objects, even small ones, including dart arrows and razor blades
** The recommendation allows for light knives and scissors with blades up to but some countries do not accept these either
* blunt objects, clubs and all larger sticks, including sports utilities
* inflammable objects, including ethanol, alcoholic beverage above 70%, some match sticks
* toxic chemicals, including pepper spray, liquid batteries, blood samples
United States

The United States Transportation Security Administration has introduced a series of restrictions effective since 26 September 2006 under the name "3:1:1" for liquids.

Restrictions on liquids:
* 3.4 ounce or smaller of containers for liquids and gels
* 1 quart-size clear plastic zip-top bag holding the liquid contents
* 1 bag per traveler shown openly in the security bin
* the TSA guidelines explicitly accept the metricized portions of 100 ml / 1 liter as defined later in the European Union
* the list of exceptions for liquids is identical to EU guidelines.

The TSA has additional restrictions for security searches: for example, the baggage should not be locked, gifts should not be wrapped, and shoes may be required to be taken off during body search with the metal detector. Food items in the luggage may be mistaken for dangerous material triggering an intensive search.