HCESAR

HCESAR is a Portuguese typewriter keyboard layout that takes its name from the first six letters on the first row of alphabetical keys: . Created by decree of the Estado Novo regime on July 17, 1937, the layout placed the most frequently used keys in Portuguese in the center of the layout. The keys for vowels are positioned according to an inverted vowel diagram.
It was common for the 0 numeral to be omitted, and there were also some typewriters without the 1 numeral. Also missing were symbols such as the exclamation mark, the asterisk, the number sign, and the inequality sign.
This keyboard layout was the official layout of typewriters in public administration and in most private companies until the mid-70s, when it began to be replaced by the AZERTY layout.
When both layouts were in use, HCESAR was called teclado nacional and AZERTY teclado internacional.
In the early 1980s, when the Portuguese public administration started to replace its old machines with multiuser terminal-based computers, mainly with the Unix OS, both HCESAR and AZERTY were slowly replaced by the QWERTY layout adapted to their language.
Vintage HCESAR machines have subsequently become rare collectables.