Gridshell
Image:Double curvature steel lattice Shell by Shukhov in Vyksa 1897 shell.jpg|thumb|250px|The steel gridshell by Vladimir Shukhov, Vyksa near Nizhny Novgorod, 1897
Image:Herzogenriedpark Mannheim Multihalle Deckenkonstruktion.jpg|thumb|right|Multihalle in Mannheim, a wooden gridshell structure designed by Frei Otto
Image:Saville Building roof interior gridshell.jpg|right|thumb|Interior of the gridshell Savill Building
A gridshell is a structure which derives its strength from its double curvature, but is constructed of a grid or lattice.
The grid can be made of any material, but is most often wood or steel.
Gridshells were pioneered in the 1896 by Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov in constructions of exhibition pavilions of the All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod.
Large span timber gridshells are commonly constructed by initially laying out the main lath members flat in a regular square or rectangular lattice, and subsequently deforming this into the desired doubly curved form. This can be achieved by pushing the members up from the ground, as in the Mannheim Multihalle. More recent projects such as the Savill Garden gridshell were constructed by laying the laths on top of a sizeable temporary scaffolding structure which is removed in phases to let the laths settle into the desired curvature.
Gridshell buildings
- Shukhov Rotunda by Vladimir Shukhov, 1896
- Mannheim Multihalle by Frei Otto and Arup Structures 3, a very large exhibition space constructed in 1975.
- Japan Pavilion, Expo 2000, by Frei Otto, Buro Happold, Shigeru Ban and SONOCO, a gridshell of circular paper tubes, 2000.
- Flimwell Woodland Enterprise Centre Modular Gridshell by Feilden Clegg and Atelier One, 2000.
- Weald & Downland Open Air Museum by Buro Happold and Edward Cullinan architects, a two-layer wooden gridshell, and the first gridshell constructed in the UK, 2002.
- Pishwanton Hand-Built Gridshell by David Tasker and Christopher Day, 2002.
- Helsinki Zoo viewing platform by Ville Hara, 2003
- Savill Building in Windsor Great Park by Buro Happold and Glenn Howells Architects, a large four-layer wooden gridshell, 2006.
- , Ostuni, Italy, by, Roberto Ruggiero, Alfonso Petta, Felice Grasso and Fabio Figlia, 2007.
- , Lecce, Italy, by with Bernardino D'Amico and Filomena Nigro, 2010.
- Centre Pompidou-Metz by Shigeru Ban and Arup, 2010.
- Solidays 2011 Gridshell
- by, Daniele Lancia, Sergio Pone, Sofia Colabella, Bianca Parenti, with Bernardino D'Amico and Francesco Portioli, 2012.
- by and arch. Bernardino D’amico, and arch. Daniele Lancia, 2012
- , Singapore, by and engineers at, 2013.
- , PUC Rio de Janeiro, by, 2014.
- Crossrail Place, London, by Foster + Partners, 2015.
- , Stockholm, 2022.