Great Mosque of Hama
The Great Mosque of Hama, is a mosque in Hama, Syria. It is located approximately west of the citadel. Built in the 8th century CE, it was largely destroyed in the 1982 Hama massacre and subsequently rebuilt.
History
The site of the building was originally a Roman temple dating to the 3rd century CE. It was converted into a church during the Byzantine Empire era, probably in the 6th century CE. It was converted into a mosque in the early Islamic era, although the details and dating of this conversion have been the subject of debate by scholars. Prior to its later destruction, the building contained many reused elements dating from the Roman or Christian Byzantine eras. One 14th-century Muslim historian, Abu al-Fida', claimed that the church was converted into a mosque right after the conquest of the city in 636–7 CE, during the time of Caliph Umar, but modern scholars have expressed skepticism about this dating, as it appears to be implausibly early. Some, such as Bernard O'Kane, suggested the conversion took place in the Umayyad period, while Maria Guidetti has suggested it could be in the late 8th century during the early Abbasid period. There has also been debate over the dating of physical elements of the mosque: Jean Sauvaget argued that the riwaqs in its courtyard and the east and west walls of the prayer hall could be dated to the Umayyad period, whereas K. A. C. Creswell cast doubt on this dating.The Great Mosque has two minarets; one is a square-based tower adjacent to the prayer hall and from an inscription on its surface, dates from 1124 CE, although some argue that its base is of Umayyad origin, while others say it was constructed in 1153 CE. The second minaret is octagonal in shape and was built by the Mamluks in 1427 CE. At the side of the main northern courtyard is a smaller square courtyard containing the tombs of two 13th-century Ayyubid kings.
The mosque was almost completely destroyed by the Syrian government, along with much of the historic old town, during the civil conflict in Hama in 1982. It was subsequently rebuilt by the Antiquities Department of the Syrian government. By 2001, the reconstruction was complete. The reconstruction followed the design of the historic building, but not all the details of the rebuilt mosque are true to the original.