Granisetron
Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve, which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. It does not have much effect on vomiting due to motion sickness. This drug does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic receptors.
Granisetron was developed by chemists working at the British drug company Beecham and is available as a generic. It is produced by Roche Laboratories under the trade name Kytril. The drug was approved in the United Kingdom in 1991 and in United States in 1994 by the FDA.
A granisetron transdermal patch with the trade name Sancuso was approved by the US FDA on September 12, 2008. Sancuso is manufactured by 3M Drug Delivery Systems for Kyowa Kirin, Inc.
It was patented in 1985 and approved for medical use in 1991. Granisetron is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Medical uses
Chemotherapy
It may be used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and appears to work about the same as ondansetron. The most common side-effects of chemotherapy treatment are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. This is one type of drug that a doctor can prescribe to prevent, lessen, or relieve discomfort.Post operative
A number of medications including granisetron appear to be effective in controlling post-operative nausea and vomiting. It is unclear if it is more or less effective than other agents such as droperidol, metoclopramide, or ondansetron.Gastroparesis
The granisetron patch has been studied for use in gastroparesis, though it is not FDA approved for this indication.Other
- Is a possible therapy for nausea and vomiting due to acute or chronic medical illness or acute gastroenteritis
- Treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome although there are no formal trials to confirm efficacy.
Adverse effects