Gejiu
Gejiu is a county-level city in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, with 202,000 urban inhabitants. It is the site of China's largest tin deposits and its main industry is mining.
Location
Gejiu is located on the top of a mountain to the north of the Red River valley, which flows from Xiangyun, Yunnan, to Vietnam. To the southwest in this valley is Nansha, which lies directly below the town of Yuanyang. To the northwest of Gejiu lies Jianshui County, and to the north, Jijie Town, one of its subordinate towns. Mengzi, the capital city of Honghe prefecture, lies 12 miles east of Gejiu.Layout
The town is located in a crater-like depression around a lake on top of a mountain. The main road enters the town from the north through a thin pass. To the east and west are steep cliffs. Those to the west are too steep to inhabit, however, extensive new construction along the eastern suburbs has created many new residential areas.Administrative divisions
Administratively, the County-level City of Gejiu consists of 10 township level units:- 2 subdistricts :Chengqu, which includes the urban district, and Datun ;
- 6 towns: Xicheng, Shadian, Jijie, Laochang, Kafang, and Manhao ;
- 2 townships: Jiasha and Baohe
History
[Image:Gejiu-west-hills-looking-east.jpg|right|thumb|View from the western hills of Gejiu looking east. The city lies in the depression behind the buildings that is not visible. The eastern cliffs, which tower above the city, are visible in the background. (November, 2004)]Originally, Gejiu was called Gejiuli, which is a small mining settlement in Yunnan Province. Under the Yuan and Ming dynasties the mining of silver started.
In the late 17th and 18th centuries, mining in Yunnan boomed, but tin mining in Gejiu did not develop until the second half of the 18th century.
In the 1880s, Gejiu was established as a subprefecture under Mengzi County, which was about east of the former.
In 1889, Mengzi was opened as a treaty port to serve as a gateway for trade between the Qing Government and what was then French Indochina.
It was not until the French in Vietnam built the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway in 1910 when Gejiu began to develop. One of the main purposes in constructing this railway was to service the mine trading.
During the last years of the Qing dynasty, the mining of tin was organized by the Chinese-owned Gejiu Tin Company, but the company was deficient in capital, technical skill, and managerial efficiency and therefore was replaced by a joint state-private company, Gejiu Tin-Mining Company, under which production boomed.
After the 1911 Revolution, Gejiu was further developed due to its location up in the mountains, surrounded by abundant tin deposits.
A branch line was built from Gejiu to Mengzi between 1915 and 1928 to better serve the transport needs of the tin mine.
By the 1930s, Gejiu tin accounted for 80 percent of the traffic exported on the railway. Tin production is said to have reached 10,000 tons in 1938.
After 1949, the management passed to the state-owned Yunnan Tin-Mining Corporation, which by 1955 had reached and exceeded the pre-war production figures. In addition to the city's tin mine, which remained the chief product, Gejiu had also become a major producer of lead, and a thriving metallurgical industry has been developed. Tin articles made in Gejiu were highly acclaimed in China. Coal for smelting was supplied to the city from nearby Kaiyuan to the north, located on the rail line to Kunming. There is some engineering and chemical production closely allied with Gejiu's metallurgical industries.
Today, Gejiu is a relatively modern prosperous county-level city in Yunnan, with a lakeside setting and with a backdrop of rocky hills.